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Stainless steel flange though a connection parts of a class is relatively small, but its role is immeasurable, pipeline engineering overall form without stainless steel flange play a powerful role. Stainless steel flange and stainless steel gasket for use in resistance to the increase in pressure effect is better. Material made of stainless steel gasket can also have a lot of modelling, some similar to the lens, also have a plenty of some irregular shape, the following will answer it for you stainless steel flange in some professional technical performance guarantee. First, the stainless steel flange connection is convenient Use made of stainless steel flange parts when the connection is the best choice is the way of welding. Here we call this kind of welding way plane welding, this is a kind of flange welding method is used, because it is flat so the operation is simple, as long as the two pieces of the flange alignment port for welding. For stainless steel flange welding, just have to make sure the pressure is less than, or equal to two point five mpa, within the scope of the pressure type using the carbon steel pipe connection is ok. Second, multiple connection methods all can use The method of flat welding flange persity, there are three main kinds of methods, they are smooth and flat, with concave and convex rolling plane, there is a mortise table plane, of course is the three welding sealing quality. The most used stainless steel flange welding method, is called a smooth surface of qingtian special welding way, it is also one of the most common in the middle of the pipeline engineering. Third, no matter what the environment can be used welding approach Pipeline engineering will face a variety of environmental characteristics, so the flange welding will need to adapt to the environment, whether mild or disasters. Generally to the places where environment is moderate, can use plane welding way. In such an environment of a number of factors can be stable, so is suitable for the welding of stainless steel flange. Smaller and there is no experience especially the pressure of air environment, the pressure is also a small circulation of water environment is also suitable for use. The welding of stainless steel flange on the price also is very easy to accept. Price advantage is to choose a very important reason of such a mode of welding, it also can reduce the cost of the project, the cost control in the lower position.

In the pipeline system, stainless steel elbow is to change the direction of the line pipe fittings. Points according to the Angle 45 ° and 90 °、 180 ° that three most commonly used, according to the requirements of the project also includes 60 °, and other abnormal Angle bend. Elbow materials, stainless steel, alloy steel, cast iron can be calcined cast iron, carbon steel, nonferrous metal and plastic, etc. With the pipe connection ways: direct welding (way) of the most commonly used flange connection, hot melt connection, fused connection, threaded connection and socket type connector, etc. According to the production process can be pided into: welding bend, stamping elbow, pushing system bend, casting bend, etc. Other names: 90 degrees bend, right-angle bend, such as love and curved. Stainless steel elbow from carbon steel elbow is the main material is different, its chemical composition can keep the elbow surface for a long time will not rust, does not corrode. According to the standard production can be turned into: stainless steel elbow 1. By manufacturing standards can be pided into the national standard, the electric standard, water standard, American standard, Germany standard, Japanese standard, the standard and so on. 2. By producing method can be pided into pushing, pressing, forging, casting, etc. 90 ° in the white steel elbow is mainly used in pipe installation, a connecting pipe fittings, used for connection pipe bend. Connect two of the same nominal diameter tube, and make the line to turn 90 degrees. Stainless steel does not rust, corrosion resistance as the main features, and at least 10.5% chromium content, carbon content does not exceed 1.2% of the largest steel.

(2) seamless tee Tee is a pipe for pipeline branch. For using seamless tube manufacturing tee is usually adopted by the process has two kinds of hydraulic bulging forming and hot pressing. The forming process of cross and tee are similar, so no longer. A. hydraulic bulging Three links of hydraulic bulging is through the metal materials of axial compensation bulge out branch pipe of a forming process. The process is to use special hydraulic press, with three links within the tube billet diameter equal injection liquid, through the two horizontal side of the hydraulic cylinder synchronization of the motion of tube billet, billet after squeezed smaller volume, smaller volume of liquid with the tube billet inside the tube billet and pressure, when pressure tee branch pipe bulge out to the metal material in the liquid in the cylinder and the pipe pressure under the dual role of flow along the mold cavity and the branch pipe. Hydraulic pressure forming of tee diagram as shown in figure. Bulging start (a) (b) (c) in the bulging bulging over Hydraulic bulging forming tee Tee hydraulic bulging process can be a forming, high production efficiency; The 3-way head and shoulders wall thickness were increased. For seamless tee hydraulic bulging process required equipment tonnage is larger, the current domestic is mainly used for less than the standard wall thickness of DN400 tee. Its applicable forming material for cold hardening tend to be relatively low low carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel, including some non-ferrous metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, titanium, etc. B. thermoforming Tee hot-pressing forming is more than three links of the diameter of the tube billet, flattening diameter size, about to tee at the site of the tensile branch open a hole; Tube billet heating, in the forming die, and within the tube billet load stretching pipe punching die; Under the action of pressure pipe by radial compression, the radial compression in the process of metal flow in the direction of branch pipe and branch pipe formed under tensile of progressive die. The whole process of the pipe is made by the radial compression and branch pipe drawing process and forming parts. Unlike hydraulic bulge forming tee, hot-pressing tee branch pipe of metal is of the pipe by the radial motion compensation, so also known as the radial compensation technology. Hot pressing forming process of tee as shown below. Due to adopt heating after pressing tee, material forming required equipment tonnage is reduced. Hot pressing tee with wider adaptability of material, is suitable for low carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel materials; Especially large diameter and wall thickness of tee, usually use this forming process. (a) (b) formed before forming Hot pressing forming tee (3) seamless reducer Reducer is used for pipe diameter changes in a pipe. Usually adopted for reducing the forming process of pressing, expanding to suppress or reducing and expanding, to certain specifications of the reducer and stamping can be applied. A. reducing forming/hole enlargement Reducer reducing forming technology is will be equal and reducer big end diameter of tube rounds into the forming mould, through along the axial direction of tube billet, shrink along the cavity movement and metal forming. According to the size of the reducer , pided into the one of pressing or more press forming. Below for reducing the forming of concentric reducer. Concentric reducer reducing forming schematic diagram Forming hole diameter is less than reducer big end diameter of the tube billet, used in die forming along the tube billet diameter hole enlargement. Hole enlargement technology mainly to solve the reducer in the variable diameter is larger not easily by reducing forming, sometimes according to the requirements of the materials and products forming, expanding and reducing method of combination. In the process of reducing or expanding deformation, according to different materials and variable diameter, determination by cold pressing and hot pressing. Under normal circumstances, as far as possible by cold pressing, but the multiple variable diameter and cause serious work hardening of the thick or alloy steel, wall thickness of materials appropriate USES hot pressing. B. stamping In addition to the use of steel tube as raw material to produce reducer, the part of the specifications of the reducer can also be used steel plate stamping forming technology is adopted to improve the production. Drawing die shapes used by reference to reducing tube surface size design, use after blanking punching die, stamping steel stretch forming. (4) cap Pipe sealing cap is used in the pipe ends of a pipe. And used in pressure vessel head difference between the size of the cap and tube are suitable, general maximum 48 “); Pipe cap for the oval shape. Pipe cap forming is relatively simple, usually adopts the stamping, the use of mould and die, in the shape of the die determines the shape of the tube cap, after cutting the steel plate after cold or hot forming.

Seamless steel pipe refers to the use of seamless tube or steel manufacturing without weld pipe fittings. In recent years, due to the improvement of welded pipe manufacturing, some in the engineering design of welded pipe manufacturing pipe fittings is often used, especially the thin wall stainless steel weld pipe manufacturing pipe proportion increase quickly. For stamping process adopted by the welded tubes and seamless pipe is roughly same, the seamless pipe forming process of reason described here can also be applied to welded pipe manufacturing the pipe. (1) the seamless elbow A pipe bend is used in the pipe bend. In the pipeline system used by all the pieces, took the largest share, of about 80%. Usually, on different materials or wall thickness of the elbow to select different forming technology. Commonly used at present, the factory of the seamless bend forming process with heat, stamping, extrusion, etc. A. hot pushing forming Hot push bend forming technology is to use special elbow push system core machine, mold and heating device, to set on the mould of billet in pushing forward movement, under the impetus of the machine in motion is heated and hole enlargement and forming process. Hot push bend forming diagram as shown in figure. 1 – mold 2 -, 3-4 – heating device is taking shape of elbow Hot bend forming schematic diagram Hot push bend deformation characteristics are based on volume before and after plastic deformation rule of metal materials determine the pipe diameter, pipe diameter bend diameter, through the core module and control the deformation of the process, make the inner arc compressed metal flow, the compensation to other parts of the thinned by hole diameter, wall thickness uniform Angle is obtained. Hot push bend forming technology has a good appearance, uniform wall thickness and continuous operation, suitable for the characteristics of mass production, thus become the main forming methods of carbon steel, alloy steel elbow, and also the application in some of the specifications of the stainless steel elbow forming. Forming process of the heating mode with intermediate frequency or high frequency induction heating (heating can be multiple times or lap), flame heating and reverberatory furnace heating, adopt what kind of heating mode according to the condition of forming product requirements and energy. B. stamping Stamping elbow is first applied to the forming process of the mass production of seamless elbow, at present, the commonly used in the production of the specifications of the elbow has been replaced by a hot method or other forming process, but in some of the specifications of the elbow because of production volume, wall thickness is too thick or less When the products have special requirements are still in use. Elbow stamping elbow is used to outer diameter of the same tube billet, use press press forming directly in the mould. Stamping elbow forming diagram as shown in figure 1-2 – end of upper die mold 3-4 – bend 5 – lower die inner core Stamping elbow forming schematic diagram As shown, in front of the press, the tube billet is put on a mold, the mold filling and end into the pipe, the upper die downward movement began to suppress, through external constraints and internal model of the supporting role of bend forming. Compared with the hot pushing process, the appearance of the stamping forming quality is better than the former; Stamping elbow outer arc in the tensile state during forming, compensate, and no other parts excess metal so the outer arc of wall thickness thinning is about 10% or so. But due to apply to the inpidual production and the characteristics of low cost, so the stamping elbow process used in small batch, more thick wall elbow manufacture. Cold stamping and hot stamping stamping elbow points two kinds, usually according to the nature of materials and equipment capacity selection of cold or hot stamping. C. cold extrusion forming Cold extrusion of bend forming process is the use of dedicated elbow forming machine, pipe to be included in the external formwork, upper and lower mould clamping, under the impetus of the push rod, tube billet model along the internal model and reserved clearance sports and forming process. Cold extrusion of bend forming Using die cold extrusion process inside and outside the elbow and good appearance, uniform wall thickness, size deviation is small, so for the stainless steel elbow especially thin wall stainless steel elbow forming more made by this technology. This new process used by internal and external mold precision demand is high; For pipe wall thickness deviation is more demanding. D. other forming methods Except the forming process of the above three kinds of commonly used seamless pipe bend forming and using the tube billet after extrusion to outside, and inside the tube billet passed ball plastic forming technology. But this process is relatively complex, the operation of trouble, not equal to the process, and the forming quality is less used.

Elbow why such rapid development in foreign countries, mainly based on the following two advantages: 1, can replace part of machining products, and than mechanical product, casting, forging structure light weight, saving material; 2, saving than mechanical processing products process, working hours, reduce the cost. Japan’s material information on a truck with a connecting rod machining method and the method of elbow made the comparison, the same weight is different, the material of product weight in mechanical processing method is 10.35 KG, and made the bend parts with 9.32 KG, saves materials; Machining the parts of the unit price of 240 yen, if use elbow, the unit price is 140 yen. So the elbow method is of great advantage in price, almost was reduced by 50%. Tell from the performance, elbow method is superior to mechanical processing method.

Elbow of stainless steel ball valve, cut-off valve, gate valve, when used for full open or full close, only do not allow for regulating flow, lest sealing surface erosion, accelerated wear and tear. On the gate and thread globe valve with sealing device, hand wheel spin to the most superior to the user’s welcome. Stainless steel elbow from carbon steel elbow is the main material is different, its chemical composition will remain elbow have important use in the actual use of performance and operation value. When in use and maintenance of stainless steel elbow need to take care of that matters a lot, need to users according to certain methods for use, in accordance with the method of accurate and reasonable use and maintenance. Stainless steel elbow when installation, stainless steel elbow can be according to the connection device in pipeline directly, carried out in accordance with the use of the location of the installation. In general, can be installed on the pipeline at any position, but need to test for easy manipulation, should pay attention to the flow direction of medium by the stainless steel elbow is high, the longitudinal disc below stainless steel elbow can only be installed horizontally. Stainless steel elbow should pay attention to when installing sealing to prevent leakage phenomenon, on the affect the normal operation of the pipeline. The stainless steel elbow in the installation have important effect and value in use, in a certain environment and the use of good operating medium. Stainless steel elbow matters needing attention are as follows: the long-term storage of stainless steel elbow, should be timely check, often appear the processing surface should be clean, remove dirt, neatly stored in a dry indoor drafty, piled up or in open air shall be strictly prohibited. Bend of stainless steel ball valve, cut-off valve, gate valve, when used for full open or full close, only do not allow for regulating flow, lest sealing surface erosion, accelerated wear and tear. Gate and thread on the globe valve with pour sealing device, hand wheel spin to the surface of the upper head for a long time will not rust, won’t corrode. Often kept stainless steel elbow dry and drafty, keep clean and tidy, deposit deposit according to the accurate method. Stainless steel elbow should pay attention to when installing sealing to prevent leakage phenomenon, on the affect the normal operation of the pipeline. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

The main technological process of steel pipe fittings manufacture Blanking forming (welding) surface heat treatment processing cutting nondestructive testing of surface protection (1) blanking Pipe materials used mainly for pipes, sheet and rod, according to the material properties and the shape of the billet blanking methods used for the product. Blank shape, size and other requirements according to the technological requirements of the different products. For the pipe, the cutting method with common sawing machine or bow sawing machine cutting, gas cutting, plasma cutting. For plate, blanking methods with gas cutting, plasma cutting, punching, punching. For the bar, the cutting method with common sawing machine or bow sawing machine cutting, punching and shearing cutting. (2) forming (welding) For all the pipe manufacturing process, forming is the indispensable process. Due to the need of the forming process of different products is different, the length is longer, will also be described in the first section 15.2.4. Here, in part forming process including heating and welding a briefly introduction. A.. heating For manufactured hot forming methods fitting, in order to meet the requirements on the material deformation in forming process, forming the need for billet heating. Heating temperature usually depending on the material and process need to be addressed. Pushing elbow or hot elbow forming, usually adopt the method of intermediate frequency or high frequency induction heating, adopt the method of flame heating. This heating mode is synchronized with the elbow or bend forming process of continuous heating, the movement of the tube billet is heated and forming process are completed. Hot pressing elbow, hot-pressing tee or forging forming, usually adopt the method of reverberatory furnace heating, flame heating method, the method of induction heating or electric heating method, etc. This heating is leading to tube billet heated to the required temperature, to suppress or forging is made into the mould. B. the welding Weld pipe fittings including two cases, one is made of welded pipe fitting, for pipe fittings manufacturer, using the forming process of welded pipe forming process of using seamless tube of basic same, pipe forming process does not include the welding process; Another is done by fitting factory the welded pipe forming need process, such as single chip to suppress again after assembling welding elbow, use steel drum welding into the pipe and then to suppress the tee, etc. In pipe welding methods commonly used with manual arc welding, gas shielded welding and automatic welding. Manufacturer shall prepare the welding procedure specification to guide the welding work, and should be in accordance with codes for the corresponding welding procedure qualification, to verify the correctness of the welding procedure specification and assess of welding the weld ability. Welders engaged in pipe welding operations shall be determined by the quality and technical supervision departments of examination and obtain a corresponding qualification certificate shall not engage in relevant steel welding work (according to the regulation of some industries, used for welding pipe fittings to get industry rules in some sectors of welder and welding procedure qualification examination, such as Marine welding pipe fittings to obtain corresponding class welder test and welding procedure qualification). (3) heat treatment Heat treatment process is made an important part of pipe fittings. By heating, heat preservation and cooling of the heat treatment step, eliminate the forming process of work hardening, residual stress, the metal deformation defects, etc., make the pipe after forming metal organization, performance, change, return to the front of the deformation processing of status, or make it improved and improve performance. Commonly used equipment for heat treatment furnace, furnace, etc.; The usual control method for the furnace thermocouple automatically by the sensor is connected to the temperature – time recorder on the control unit. Different pipe fittings product standards for the regulation of heat treatment is not the same. Not all through the deformation of the pipe fittings are to be heat treatment, usually, for low carbon steel material pipe fitting its final forming temperature is not lower than 723 ℃ (recrystallization temperature), can be heat treatment, not because of the temperature under the condition of its ultimate state of organizations is basically normalizing state, or lower than the temperature higher than 980 ℃ heat treatment should be; Alloy steel or stainless steel pipe fittings whether using cold forming or hot forming, heat treatment shall be. Routine test of the heat treatment are usually performed by hardness test. (4) surface treatment Pipe surface treatment usually adopt sand blasting, shot blasting, polishing, pickling, such as method, to remove rust on the surface of the product, such as scratches, make products to achieve smooth surface, to meet the requirements of the subsequent processing and inspection. For blasting is adopted to improve the surface fitting, the surface hardness will increase slightly. (5) machining Machining is completed in pipe welding ends, structure size and shape tolerance machining process. For some pipe fittings products machining include inner and outer diameter of processing. Cutting processing mainly through special machine tools or general is complete; For pipe size is too large, when the existing machine tool can not meet the requirements of processing, also can use other methods to complete the processing, such as large diameter bend after gas cutting grinding methods. The appearance of the pipe fittings, dimension inspection often after machining. 6 NDT Nondestructive testing is the process of testing materials and fittings processing possible defects of important process. The most fitting product standard for nondestructive testing requirements of the rules, but have different requirements. In addition to meet the requirements of product standards and order for nondestructive testing, some of the more stringent quality control of the factory is according to the material, processing technology and quality of internal control regulation on nondestructive testing requirements, in order to guarantee the quality of products. In the practical work of pipe nondestructive testing qualified grades judgement should be based on orders or specified criteria. For fitting surface basically is the original state of pipe, plate, or forging, the surface quality of pipe nondestructive testing (MT, PT), if there is no clear requirement according to Ⅱ level grade, but no matter how qualified level regulation, for sandwich and this is not easy to determine the depth of crack defect shall be considered not qualified. Internal quality of pipe nondestructive testing (RT, UT,), radiographic testing if there is no clear grading standards should press Ⅱ level (such as weld testing), ultrasonic testing should press Ⅰ level. In order to prevent the product defects that may occur in the process of heat treatment, fitting the final NDT shall be carried out after heat treatment. Pipe fittings manufacturer in China NDT commonly used is the JB/T 4730 standard. Do the work in the field of nondestructive testing personnel should be obtained according to the relevant provisions of the corresponding qualifications. All landowners surface protection On the surface of carbon steel, alloy steel pipe protection usually adopt the method of painting, after the adoption stainless steel pickling passivation methods (for all surface machining of stainless steel pipe fittings, can need not passivation treatment). The main purpose of the fitting surface protection is anticorrosive, and at the same time to achieve the effect of the product appearance. Usually, the orderer puts forward specific requirements for the surface protection, factory complete protection on the surface of the pipe fittings according to the requirement of the orderer. Today marks Mark is an integral part of product, it is the basis of realizing traceability requirements. Usually, the content and method to the symbol in the product standard for the rules. Pipe symbol content generally includes manufacturer trademarks or name, material grade, specification and other contents required by the order. Marks methods include permanent marks, such as steel, sculpture, electric erosion, etc.; Non-permanent marks, such as spray printing, label, etc. Other pet-name ruby Besides the conventional manufacturing process, to control the quality of raw materials, manufacturers should also complete raw material inspection, to ensure that the right of the materials used; To meet the special requirements of goods or materials, but also should be such as microstructure, intergranular corrosion, ferrite, such as inspection and testing, guarantee the use of the product to meet customer requirements.

Stainless steel tee, also called pipe tee or tee fitting, tee joint, to branch pipe used in the main line. Stainless steel tee has such as diameter and reducing tee, equal tee to take over the end are all the same size; Reducing tee, director of the control of the same size and branch pipe to take over the size less than to take over the size of head. Tee is a pipe for pipeline branch. For using seamless tube manufacturing tee is usually adopted by the process has two kinds of hydraulic bulging forming and hot pressing. A. hydraulic bulging of hydraulic bulge forming tee is through the metal materials of axial compensation bulge out branch pipe of a forming process. The process is to use special hydraulic press, with three links within the tube billet diameter equal injection liquid, through the two horizontal side of the hydraulic cylinder synchronization of the motion of tube billet, billet after squeezed smaller volume, smaller volume of liquid with the tube billet inside the tube billet and pressure, when pressure tee branch pipe bulge out to the metal material in the liquid in the cylinder and the pipe pressure under the dual role of flow along the mold cavity and the branch pipe. Tee hydraulic bulging process can be a forming, high production efficiency; The 3-way head and shoulders wall thickness were increased. For seamless tee hydraulic bulging process required equipment tonnage is larger, the current domestic is mainly used for less than the standard wall thickness of DN400 tee. Its applicable forming material for cold hardening tend to be relatively low low carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel, including some non-ferrous metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, titanium, etc. B. thermoforming Tee hot-pressing forming is more than three links of the diameter of the tube billet, flattening diameter size, about to tee at the site of the tensile branch open a hole; Tube billet heating, in the forming die, and within the tube billet load stretching pipe punching die; Under the action of pressure pipe by radial compression, the radial compression in the process of metal flow in the direction of branch pipe and branch pipe formed under tensile of progressive die. The whole process of the pipe is made by the radial compression and branch pipe drawing process and forming parts. Unlike hydraulic bulge forming tee, hot-pressing tee branch pipe of metal is of the pipe by the radial motion compensation, so also known as the radial compensation technology. Tee with heating after pressing tee, reduce material forming required equipment tonnage. Hot pressing tee with wider adaptability of material, is suitable for low carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel materials; Especially large diameter and wall thickness of tee, usually use this forming process. 1. The material pided into carbon steel, cast steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, plastic, argon luo drain, PPC, etc. 2. By producing method can be pided into the system, pressing, forging, casting, etc. 3. To make standard classification can be pided into the national standard, the electric standard, water standard, American standard, Germany standard, Japanese standard, the standard and so on.

Stainless steel reducer is used for pipe diameter changes in a pipe. Usually adopted for reducing the forming process of pressing, expanding to suppress or reducing and expanding, to certain specifications of the reducer and stamping can be applied. A. reducing forming/hole enlargement Reducer reducing forming technology is will be equal and reducer big end diameter of tube rounds into the forming mould, through along the axial direction of tube billet, shrink along the cavity movement and metal forming. According to the size of the reducer reducer, pided into the one of pressing or more press forming. Forming hole diameter is less than reducer big end diameter of the tube billet, used in die forming along the tube billet diameter hole enlargement. Hole enlargement technology mainly to solve the reducer in the variable diameter is larger not easily by reducing forming, sometimes according to the requirements of the materials and products forming, expanding and reducing method of combination. In the process of reducing or expanding deformation, according to different materials and variable diameter, determination by cold pressing and hot pressing. Under normal circumstances, as far as possible by cold pressing, but the multiple variable diameter and cause serious work hardening of the thick or alloy steel, wall thickness of materials appropriate USES hot pressing. B. stamping In addition to the use of steel tube as raw material to produce reducer, the part of the specifications of the reducer can also be used steel plate stamping forming technology is adopted to improve the production. Drawing die shapes used by reference to reducing tube surface size design, use after blanking punching die, stamping steel stretch forming. The stress distribution and deformation characteristics: (1) the inner pressure function similarly hereinafter heart reducer an area about the size of the pressure difference between the bending moment caused by big end is relatively open, small end relative shrinkage phenomenon; (2) the internal pressure under the action of eccentric reducer in central eccentric side inside the big end surface and eccentric side to the outer ring stress is the largest.

Stainless steel reducer is used for pipe diameter changes in a pipe. Usually adopted for reducing the forming process of pressing, expanding to suppress or reducing and expanding, to certain specifications of the reducer and stamping can be applied. One size head belong to chemical pipe fittings, for connecting the two kinds of different diameter. Is pided into concentric big small head and eccentric reducer. Size head size materials including stainless steel (304304 l316316l), alloy steel head size, carbon steel head size, size head of 20 steel q234q345 etc. Size reducing forming technology of the head is with the head big end diameter equal to the size of the pipe into the forming die, along the axial direction of tube billet by pressing, shrink along the cavity movement and metal forming. According to the size of the reducer reducer, pided into the one of pressing or more press forming. Besides using steel as raw material to produce the size of the head, on the part of the specifications of the size of the head can also be used steel plate stamping forming technology is adopted to improve the production. Used by stretching die shape inner surface size design with reference to the size of the head, use after blanking punching die, stamping steel stretch forming.

Concentric reducer is steel hot-pressing molding or forging forming of reducer, it is the connection form of the reducer directly with steel pipe butt welding, the main manufacturing standards generally concentric reducer is ASME B16.9. Concentric reducer and eccentric reducer, the material is below: Carbon steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB, WPC Alloy: ASTM/ASME A234 WP 11-12-1 – WP WP WP 22 – WP 5 – WP 91-35 crmov WP911, 15 mo3 15 crmov, Stainless steel: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304 – l – 304 – h – 304 ln – 304 n ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316 l – 316 – h – 316 ln – 316 – n – 316 ti ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321 – h ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347 – h Low temperature steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL3 – WPL 6 High performance steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-65 Cast steel, alloy steel:  stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, plastic, argon luo drain, PVC, PPR, RFPP (reinforced polypropylene), etc. In manufacturing standards Divided into national standard and electric standard, vessel standard, standard, water standard, American standard, Germany standard, Japanese standard, the standard and so on. the radius of curvature: Divided into long radius elbow and short radius elbow. Long radius elbow refers to its radius of curvature is equal to 1.5 times the outer diameter of tube, R = 1.5 D. Short radius elbow refers to its radius of curvature is equal to the pipe diameter, R = 1.0 D. To bend diameter (D, R for the radius of curvature). 5. If according to the grades of pressure points: about seventeen kinds, and American standard pipe is the same, there are: Sch5s, Sch10s, Sch10, Sch20, Sch30, Sch40s, STD, Sch40, Sch60, Sch80s, XS; Sch80, SCH100, Sch120, Sch140, Sch160, XXS; One of the most common is two kinds of STD and XS.

Stainless steel reducer for diameter specification does not accord with the inner diameter of the process piping, should undertake the corresponding reducing or expanding process, if the shrink tube, pipe pressure loss caused by this should be considered whether will affect the process. In order to prevent the installation of reducer influence the distribution of velocity field, pressure loss, and reduce the measurement accuracy of electromagnetic flowmeter, the requirements of the central Angle alpha is not more than 15 °, as small as possible. There are pided into two concentric and eccentric, concentric reducer general use on the vertical pipe; Eccentric reducer used in horizontal tube, and attention should be paid to indicate the top or the bottom flat. There are mainly the following places: 1, when the fluid flow in pipes have change, such as increasing or decreasing, velocity requirements haven’t changed much, all needs to use reducer. 2, pump imports, in order to prevent cavitation. 3, and instrumentation, such as flow meter, the regulator shall, in order to cooperate with the joint of the instrument, also need to use reducer. The installation of the pump inlet pipe diameter should make gas accumulation is not variable diameter, avoid the cavitation erosion due to improper installation. The level of the pump inlet pipe diameter changes, should choose eccentric reducer. When the level of pipe from the bottom up into the pump, reducer should take “top level”; When the pipe from the top level down into the pump, reducer should take “flat” To prevent gas accumulation in pump inlet variable diameter tube place, eccentric reducer is used in a “flat top” installations, even if a pipe from the top level down into the pump. Result with the end or side suction pump, when the suction speed is lower than the sedimentation rate of impurities, variable diameter tube shall be “flat” Insert the tank orifice diameter are the same. The same water tank in different combination of vacuum tube insertion, can assemble seven different thermal properties of water heater, the pipe diameter as long as posing as a sample, can represent the seven kinds of models, its performance is poor, poor price be clear at a glance, for a vast amount of solar energy water heater pioneered the standardization. By reducing mill technology of water heater, regardless of spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons change, even in cloudy weather, rain, snow, also because of its high efficiency and has the characteristics of a good hot bath temperature reached first. At the same time, the more significant effect of energy conservation and emissions reduction, by reducing close technical water heater thermal efficiency can reach 73%, power saving, coal saving, and reduce carbon emissions. Can according to their own actual flow process piping corresponding to the flow chart to choose appropriate diameter specifications of the flowmeter, choose as far as possible the same as the process piping diameter specifications of the flowmeter. On both ends of the reducer is also called the head size, nozzle diameter, used to connect different diameter tubes or variable diameter flange. Concentric reducer at both ends of the tube, circle, on the same axis diameter changes, in terms of axis of pipe position, the position of the pipe is changeless, commonly used in gas or liquid vertical pipe diameter changes. Eccentric reducer ends cut inside nozzle circumference, commonly used in horizontal liquid pipeline. Eccentric reducer nozzle tangent point upward, known as the roof installation, commonly used in pump suction, exhaust, cutting down as bottom flat installation, generally used for valve installation, use the net. Concentric reducer is advantageous to the fluid flow, at the time of variable diameter less interference on the fluid flow pattern, therefore vertical flow of gas and liquid pipelines using concentric reducer. Eccentric reducer with a side is flat, favors the exhaust or drainage, convenient driving and maintenance, so the horizontal liquid pipeline with eccentric reducer in general. Reducing pipe roundness should not be greater than 1% of the corresponding end diameter, and the allowable deviation of plus or minus 3 mm; Reducer size deviation should be allowed to meet the provisions of the table 4.2.2-3.