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SPECIFICATIONS: GRADE 410 STAINLESS STEEL, AISI Type 410, UNS S41000, UNS S41008 410 Stainless Steel is a general purpose heat treatable stainless steel.  It resists corrosion attack by fresh water and atmospheric conditions. It has the ability to develop hardness and mechanical properties from heat treatment. 410 Stainless Steel is magnetic in all conditions. 410 Stainless Steel Applications: 410 Stainless Steel Machine parts 410 Stainless Steel Pump shafts 410 Stainless Steel Bolts 410 Stainless Steel Bushings 410 Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings 410 Stainless Steel Bars 410 Stainless Steel Pipes 410 Stainless Steel Hardware 410 Stainless Steel Jet engine parts 410 Stainless Steel Mining machinery 410 Stainless Steel Tubes 410 Stainless Steel Rifle barrels 410 Stainless Steel Flanges 410 Stainless Steel Valves Chemistry (range or maximum in %) GRADECMNSNICROTHER4100.151.000.03–11.50/13.50– Grade 410 Stainless Steel Bars PropertiesGRADESHAPESIZE RANGETENSILE KSIYIELD KSIELONGATION %RED. OF AREA %BRINELL HARDNESSRELATIVE MACHINABILITY*SPECIFICATION410Rounds1/2″ – 7-1/2″7540357015550%AMS 2303/5612/5613/ ASTM A-276/A-314/A-479/A193 *Relative Machinability is based on AISI 1212 as 100% Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Stainless Steel 410 is the general purpose and most widely used of all the Martensitic grades of stainless steels. In its annealed condition it may be drawn, formed or shaped and because it is an air or oil quench hardening grade it can be hardened to high strength levels by subsequent heat treatments. While Stainless Steel 410 offers very good resistance to scaling up to 1200° F., and its mechanical properties are excellent, it is NOT recommended for applications in which severe corrosion is encountered. Stainless Steel 410 is used for springs, scrapers, fasteners, hardware brackets, furnace parts and burners. It is magnetic in all conditions. Tensile strength (as annealed) min. 65,000 PSI, yield strength minimum 30,000 PSI, and elongation in 2 inches at 20%. For solution annealing, slow controlled cooling from 1500/1600° F. For hardening, heat to 1700/1850°F. Quench in air or oil. The following specifications cover Stainless Steel 410 AISI 410 AMS 5504 AMS 5505 AMS 5591 AMS 5613 AMS 5776 ASTM A176 ASTM A182 (F6A, F8a) ASTM A193 (410,B6, B6X) ASTM A194 (410,B6, B6X) ASTM A240 ASTM A268 ASTM A276 ASTM A314 ASTM A336 ASTM A473 ASTM A479 ASTM A493 ASTM A511 ASTM A580 DIN 1.4006 UNS S41000 Related Metals: AF 410QDT(tm) Chemistry Data : Carbon 0.15 max Chromium 11.5 – 13.5 Iron Balance Manganese 1 max Phosphorus 0.04 max Silicon 1 max Sulphur 0.03 maxPrincipal Design Features Physical Data : Density (lb / cu. in.)0.28Specific Gravity7.7Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F – [32-212 Deg F])0.11Electrical Resistivity (microhm-cm (at 68 Deg F))342Melting Point (Deg F)2790Modulus of Elasticity Tension29 wilsonpipeline is a supplier of stainless steel 410 pipes, stainless steel 410 tubes, stainless steel 904L fittings, stainless steel410 forgings, stainless steel 410 flanges, and stainless steel 410 fasteners including; stainless steel 410 nuts, stainless steel410 bolts and more. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Martensitic and precipitation hardening stainless steels are heat treatable and can therefore provide hardness and strength in a wide range. Allowing to workability they are supplied in solution annealed condition. The downstream manufacturer performs final heat treatment to meet the mechanical properties required. Martensitic grades are basically Fe-Cr alloys with a higher carbon content than ferritics which enables them to harden on cooling in air, oil or water. Depending on grade and intended use, ductility is improved by tempering. Typical applications for martensitic grades: cutting utensils surgical and dental instruments fasteners, springs and ball bearings press plates steam and gas stainless steel tubes Precipitation hardening grades have higher alloying contents than martensitic grades. They contain nickel, and in order to achieve hardening by aging additions of copper, aluminium, titanium, niobium and molybdenum. Depending on chemical composition their microstructure after final heat treatment is austenitic, semi-austenitic or martensitic. Typical applications for precipitation hardening grades: retaining rings, spring holders, springs chains, valves and gears aircraft parts pressure vessels and stainless steel tubes Grade properties High strength and hardness distinguish martensitic stainless steels from the other stainless steel families. After austenitizing cooling is performed in air, water or oil, depending on steel grade. If the intended application requires a high level of hardness (e.g. knives, HRC55), only stress relief annealing will be performed. Normally martensitic stainless steels are tempered in order to acquire useful mechanical properties, i.e. a certain level of toughness (A5 ≥ 15 %). Nickel-martensitic steels are superior to traditional martensitic grades regarding strength in combination with toughness. Their microstructure contains stable austenite after hardening and tempering which accounts for good toughness without drawbacks concerning corrosion resistance. Precipitation hardening stainless steels provide remarkable levels of high strength and hardness in a very wide range. With the exception of the martensitic alloys (e.g. 1.4542) cold formability is satisfactory. Weldability Traditional martensitic steels with a carbon content > 0.20 % are difficult to weld; assistance is advised. The hardenable high-carbon grades are not suitable for welding. Low-carbon nickel-martensitic grades have relatively good weldability. Welding of precipitation hardened grades is possible, but depending on grade some limitations might have to be regarded. Corrosion resistance Corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels may vary considerably depending on chemical composition (C, Cr, Mo), surface finish and especially heat treatment. Smooth polished surfaces experience higher resistance than rougher finishes. In terms of heat treatment the hardened condition is more favourable, since the elements promoting corrosion resistance are in solution and therewith effective. Tempering may lead to carbide precipitation which impairs corrosion resistance. This is always the case for traditional martensitic grades, whereas nickel-martensitic grades with max 0.06 % carbon and 3-6 % nickel (e.g. 1.4313 and 1.4418) do not sacrifice corrosion resistance by tempering. Corrosion resistance of precipitation hardening steels is higher compared with heat treatable martensitic stainless steels ranking between ferritic Cr  and austenitic CrNi steels. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

The different alloying elements have specific effects on the properties of a stainless steel. It is the combined effect of all the alloying elements, heat treatment, and, to some extent, impurities that determine the property profile of a certain steel grade. It should be noted that the effect of the alloying elements differs to some extent between the different types of stainless steel. Chromium (Cr) This is the most important alloying element and it gives stainless steels their basic corrosion resistance. All stainless steels have a Cr content of at least 10.5% and the corrosion resistance increases the higher chromium content. Chromium also increases the resistance to oxidation at high temperatures and promotes a ferritic microstructure. Nickel (Ni) The main reason for adding nickel is to promote an austenitic microstructure. Nickel generally increases ductility and toughness. It also reduces the corrosion rate in the active state and is therefore advantageous in acidic environments. In precipitation hardening steels nickel is also used to form the intermetallic compounds that are used to increase strength. In martensitic grades adding nickel, combined with reducing carbon content, improves weldability. Molybdenum (Mo) Molybdenum significantly increases the resistance to both uniform and localized corrosion. It slightly increases mechanical strength and strongly promotes a ferritic microstructure. However, molybdenum also enhances the risk for the formation of secondary phases in ferritic, duplex, and austenitic steels. In martensitic stainless steels it increases the hardness at higher tempering temperatures due to its effect on carbide precipitation. Copper (Cu) Copper enhances corrosion resistance to certain acids and promotes an austenitic microstructure. It can also be added to decrease work hardening in grades designed for improved machinability. It may also be added to improve formability. Manganese (Mn) Manganese is generally used to improve hot ductility. Its effect on the ferrite/austenite balance varies with temperature: at low temperature manganese is an austenite stabilizer, but at high temperatures it will stabilize ferrite. Manganese increases the solubility of nitrogen and is used to obtain high nitrogen contents in duplex and austenitic stainless steels. Manganese, as an austenite former, can also replace some of the nickel in stainless steel. Silicon (Si) Silicon increases resistance to oxidation, both at high temperatures and in strongly oxidizing solutions at lower temperatures. It promotes a ferritic microstructure and increases strength. Carbon (C) Carbon is a strong austenite former that also significantly increases mechanical strength. In ferritic grades carbon strongly reduces both toughness and corrosion resistance. In martensitic grades carbon increases hardness and strength, but decrease toughness. Nitrogen (N) Nitrogen is a very strong austenite former that also significantly increases mechanical strength. It also increases resistance to localized corrosion, especially in combination with molybdenum. In ferritic stainless steels nitrogen strongly reduces toughness and corrosion resistance. In martensitic grades nitrogen increases both hardness and strength but reduces toughness. Cobalt (Co) Cobalt is used in martensitic stainless steels, where it increases hardness and tempering resistance, especially at higher temperatures. Vanadium (V) Vanadium forms carbides and nitrides at lower temperatures, promotes ferrite in the microstructure, and increases toughness. It increases the hardness of martensitic stainless steels due to its effect on the type of carbide present. It also increases tempering resistance. It is only used in stainless steels that can be hardened. Tungsten (W) Tungsten is present as an impurity in most stainless steels, although it is added to some special grades, for example the superduplex grade 4501, to improve pitting corrosion resistance. Sulfur (S) Sulfur is added to certain stainless steels to increase their machinability. At the levels present in these grades, sulfur slightly reduces corrosion resistance, ductility, weldability, and formability. At Outokumpu the trademark PRODEC (PRODuction EConomy) is used for some grades with balanced sulfur levels for improved machinability. Lower levels of sulfur can be added to decrease work hardening for improved formability. Slightly increased sulfur content also improves the weldability of steel. Cerium (Ce) Cerium is one of the rare earth metals (REM) and is added in small amounts to certain heat-resistant grades to increase resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. Titanium (Ti) Titanium is a strong ferrite and carbide former, lowering the effective carbon content and promoting a ferritic structure in two ways. In austenitic stainless steels with increased carbon content it is added to increase the resistance to intergranular corrosion (stabilized grades), but it also increases mechanical properties at high temperatures. In ferritic grades titanium is added to improve toughness, formability, and corrosion resistance. In martensitic stainless steels titanium lowers the martensite hardness by combining with carbon and increases tempering resistance. In precipitation hardening steels, titanium is used to form the intermetallic compounds that are used to increase strength. Niobium (Nb) Niobium is a strong ferrite and carbide former. Like titanium, it promotes a ferritic structure. In austenitic stainless steels it is added to improve the resistance to intergranular corrosion (stabilized grades), but it also enhances mechanical properties at high temperatures. In ferritic grades niobium and/or titanium is sometimes added to improve toughness and to minimize the risk for intergranular corrosion. In martensitic stainless steels niobium lowers hardness and increases tempering resistance. In the US it is designated Columbium (Cb). Aluminum (Al) If added in substantial amounts aluminum improves oxidation resistance and is used in certain heat-resistant grades for this purpose. In precipitation hardening steels, aluminum is used to form the intermetallic compounds that increase the strength in the aged condition. Established in 2008, wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited supply not only commonly used stainless steel materials (SS304/L,SS316/L,SS321), but also duplex and super duplex steel 1.4547, 1.4462, 1.4410 (S31254,S31803,S32750,S32760), special austenite stainless 310S, 347H, 347, 317L, 904L… wilsonpipeline products are widely used in Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining,Sewage treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Stainless steel tube is obtainable as welded or seamless in square, round or rectangular shapes. Stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion and temperature and is also extremely tough. Common grades include: 304 316 321 347 Stainless Steel Tube Supply Chain Solutions wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited is a global stainless steel tube supplier carrying a wide range of stainless steel tubing for industrial, aerospace and oil & gas applications. Our worldwide distribution network includes warehouses in the United States, Canada, Mexico, France, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Zhejiang. Stainless Steel Tube Applications Stainless steel tube can be used for a number of different applications, including: Instruments Food processing Stainless steel Pipes, Stainless steel valves, Stainless steel pipe fittings Bearings, shafts, sleeves Architectural moldings and trimmings Stainless Steel Tube Associated Processes Stainless steel tube can be subject to CNC machining as well as a number of other processing methods, including: Lathe cutting De-burring Grinding Boring Drilling Trepanning Laser cutting Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

410 Stainless Steel is a basic straight chromium high hardenability martensitic stainless steel with good strength and fairly good corrosion resistance as generally supplied hardened and tempered in the tensile range 700 – 850 Mpa (condition R) Brinell range 201 – 255. Characterised by good corrosion resistance in mild atmospheric industrial and domestic environments coupled with good strength and excellent toughness in the hardened and tempered condition. 410 Stainless Steel due to its excellent hardenability is capable of being through hardened to over Rc40 depending upon carbon content and section size. Small sections can be air cooled and larger sections oil quenched for maximum through hardness.Pre hardened and tempered 410 Stainless Steel will also respond readily to nitriding achieving a typical surface hardness of over Rc65. The nitriding process however reduces the corrosion resistance and is therefore not generally recommended except for critical applications where the benefit outweighs all other considerations. ASTM 410 Stainless Steel Round Bars are used for parts requiring a combination of good strength and toughness, plus reasonable corrosion resistance. Typical applications are: Bolts, Bushings, Fasteners, Gas Turbine Parts, Mine Equipment, Pump Parts, Petrochemical Equipment, Steam Turbine Parts, Studs, Valve Parts etc. Material magnetic in all conditions.Specifications AustraliaAS 2837-1986 410GermanyW.Nr 1.4006 X10Cr13Great BritainBS970 Part3 1991 410S21 BS970 1955 EN56AJapanJIS G4303 SuS 410USAASTM A276-98b 410 SAE 51410 AISI 410 UNS S41000Chemical Composition Of ASTM 410 Stainless Steel Round BarsMin. %Max %Carbon0.090.15Silicon01.00Manganese01.00*Nickel01.00Chromium11.5013.50Phosphorous00.04Sulphur00.03*Nickel additional optionMechanical Property Requirements For Material in the Annealed and Heat Treated – Condition R To AS2837 – 1986 410 and BS970 Part3 1991 410S21Condition Annealed*RTensile Strength MpaMin700Max8500.2% Yield Strength MpaMin495Elongation on 5.65√S0 %Min15Impact Izod JMin34Hardness HBMin201Max207255*Material stocked generally in condition R. NB. Check the mill certificate if critical for end use. Typical Mechanical Properties At Room Temperature – *Hardened and Tempered to Condition RTensile Strength Mpa760Yield Strength Mpa595Elongation on 5.65√S0 %23Impact Charpy J J5390HardnessHB230Rc22*Typical Hardening Temperatures950oC – 1010oC*Typical Tempering Temperatures650oC – 680oC620oC – 660oCTypical Mechanical Properties At Room Temperature – Hardened By Oil Quench at 1010oC and Tempered as IndicatedTemperature oC250370480540590650Tensile Strengt Mpa1350129513006908307300.2% Yield Strength Mpa109510701020915725630Elongation in 50mm %171718192021Impact Charpy J7666*38*335295HardnessHB400400400285248223Rc434343302420High tensile strength and high yield strength plus fairly good impact properties obtained when tempered below 400oC. *Note drop in impact properties. Tempering within the range 400oC – 580oC should be avoided.Elevated Temperature Properties410 displays good resistance to scaling in continuous service up to 650oC. Its use however at these higher working Temperatures results in a substantial drop in tensile strength and hardness with subsequent increase in ductility. Typical Mechanical Properties at Elevated Temperatures, Hardened at 1010oC and Tempered at 30oC Above Working TemperatureTempering Temperature oC510570620680Working Temperature oC480540590650Tensile Strength Mpa1200540350220Yield Strength Mpa965510320190Elongation in 50mm %15243039Room Temperature Hardness After TestHB390285240220Rc43312419NB. Creep and stress rupture strength is also substantially reduced at these higher working temperatures.Low Temperature Properties410 Stainless Steel is not recommended for use at sub-zero temperatures due to a substantial drop in impact properties consistent with most steels other than the austenitic steel types.Cold BendingIn the hardened and tempered as supplied condition, it will be more difficult due to the high yield strength which must be taken into account.Hot BendingIn the hardened and tempered as supplied condition, it is not recommended due to its affect on the mechanical properties within the heat affected zone. Corrosion Resistance410 Stainless Steel has better corrosion resistance than 416 grade, but lower than 431 grade. Also lower than most of the 400 series ferritic stainless steels, and all of the 300 series austenitic stainless steels.NB. It has optimum corrosion resistance in the hardened and tempered condition and is not therefore recommended for use in the annealed condition. It is most important that oxygen is always allowed to circulate freely on all stainless steel surfaces to ensure that a chrome oxide film is always present to protect it. If this is not the case, rusting will occur as with other types of non stainless steels.For optimum corrosion resistance surfaces must be free of scale and foreign particles. Finished parts should be passivated. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Stainless steel is often selected for its high corrosion resistance in addition to strength and fatigue endurance. At wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited, we have stainless steel bars stock under a wide range of different grades. Our stainless steel bars inventory includes three major stainless steel types including: Chrome-nickel, non-hardening, austenitic (non-magnetic): 303, 304, 316, 321, Nitronic 50 (UNS20910), and Nitronic 60 (UNS21800) Chrome, hardenable martensitic (magnetic): 410, 416, 422 Precipitation hardening, matrensitic (magnetic): 13CR-8NI, 15CR-5NI, 17CR-4NI, 17CR-4NI HH1150 Our stainless steel bars are stocked as round, plate, square, flat and hexagonal bars as well as angles. Our most common stainless steel bar grades include: 303 (UNS30300) 304 (UNS30400) 316 (UNS31600) 321 (UNS32100) 347 (UNS34700) 410 (UNS41000) 416 (UNS41600) 440C (S44004) Stainless Steel Bars Supply Chain Solutions wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry is a global steel bar distributor and processor carrying a wide range of stainless steel bars for your use. Our global distribution network includes warehouses in the United States, Canada, Mexico, France, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Zhejiang. Stainless Steel Bars Associated Processes Stainless steel bars can be subject to CNC machining as well as a number of other processing methods, including: Sawing Drilling Lathe cutting Boring CNC machining Popular Stainless Steel Bars Applications Stainless steel bars can be used for a number of different applications, including: Stainless Steel Screw machine products Stainless Steel Shafts Stainless Steel Valves Stainless Steel Fittings Stainless Steel Gaskets Stainless Steel Fasteners Food processing equipment Instruments Stainless Steel Screws Stainless Steel Bearings Mining machinery Aircraft parts, exhaust manifolds Pumps Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Martensitic Stainless Steel 410 Subcategory: Metal; Stainless Steel; T 400 Series Stainless Steel; MartensiticComponentWt. %CMax 0.15Cr11.5 – 13.5MnMax 1NiMax 0.5PMax 0.04SMax 0.03SiMax 1 ​Characteristics: superior wear resistance, hardenable, excellent corrosion resistance. Applications: cutlery, dental and surgical instruments, nozzles, valve parts, hardened steel ball and seats for oil well pumps, separating screens and strainers, springs, shears, and wear surfaces. Information provided by wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., LimitedPhysical PropertiesMetricEnglishCommentsDensity7.64 g/cc0.276 lb/in³Specific Gravity7.65 g/cc0.276 lb/in³Mechanical PropertiesHardness, Rockwell B8282Hardness, Rockwell B9898Hardened+Tempered 1200°FHardness, Rockwell C-7-7Hardening ResponseHardness, Rockwell C3535Hardened+Tempered 1000°FHardness, Rockwell C4040Hardened+Tempered 550°FHardness, Rockwell C4040Hardened+Tempered 600°FHardness, Rockwell C4141Hardened+Tempered 800°FHardness, Rockwell C4141Hardened+Tempered 900°FHardness, Rockwell C4343Hardened+Tempered 400°FTensile Strength, Ultimate1063 MPa154000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 1000°FTensile Strength, Ultimate1283 MPa186000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 600°FTensile Strength, Ultimate1289 MPa187000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 550°FTensile Strength, Ultimate1298 MPa188000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 900°FTensile Strength, Ultimate1300 MPa189000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 800°FTensile Strength, Ultimate1399 MPa203000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 400°FTensile Strength, Ultimate510 MPa74000 psiAnnealedTensile Strength, Ultimate767 MPa111000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 1200°FTensile Strength, Yield1022 MPa148000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 550°FTensile Strength, Yield1026 MPa149000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 600°FTensile Strength, Yield1076 MPa156000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 400°FTensile Strength, Yield290 MPa42100 psi0.2% offset, AnnealedTensile Strength, Yield589 MPa85400 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 1200°FTensile Strength, Yield845 MPa123000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 900°FTensile Strength, Yield882 MPa128000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 1000°FTensile Strength, Yield916 MPa133000 psiHardened 1800°F, Tempered 800°FElongation at Break34 %34 %AnnealedElectrical PropertiesElectrical Resistivity5.6e-005 ohm-cm5.6e-005 ohm-cmCTE, linear 20°C10.5 µm/m-°C5.83 µin/in-°F20°C-200°CCTE, linear 500°C11.6 µm/m-°C6.44 µin/in-°F20°C-600°CHeat Capacity0.46 J/g-°C0.11 BTU/lb-°FThermal Conductivity24.9 W/m-K173 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F100°CProcessing PropertiesMelt Temperature1482 – 1532 °C2700 – 2790 °FDescriptive PropertiesCorrosion Rate mils per year0.079 (5% Acetic Acid at 49°C)Hardened martensitic grades were tested after tempering at 204°C.Corrosion Rate mils per year0.062 (5% Phosphoric Acid at 49°C)Hardened martensitic grades were tested after tempering at 204°CPitting Potential, Volts vs Sat. Calomel Electrode0.502100 ppm Chloride solution at 24°C, pH5. Samples had ground surface. Hardened martensitic grades were tested after tempering at 204°C. Established in 2008, wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited is a professional organizer and one-stop-shop supplier for steel piping system products, including stainless steel pipe and tube, forged flange and fittings, butt-welding pipe fittings, elbow, tee, reducer, stub end, gaskets, fasteners, valves, Sanitary Services etc. in China. We have devoted to providing the best solutions of steel materials and industrial equipment for our respected customers. This information is provided by yaang.com

Alloy 410 stainless steel flange is the general purpose 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel that can be heat treated to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties. 410 stainless steel flange possesses high strength and hardness coupled with good corrosion resistance. Alloy 410 stainless steel flange is ductile and can be formed. It is magnetic in all conditions. Specification Sheet: Alloy 410 (UNS S41000)  W. Nr. 1.4006 General Purpose 12% Chromium Martensitic Stainless Steel Possessing High Strength and Hardness Combined with Good Corrosion Resistance General Properties Applications Standards Oxidation Resistance Chemical Analysis Physical Properties Mechanical Properties Corrosion Resistance Fabrication Data General Properties Alloy 410 (UNS S41000) is a 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel flange that can be heat treated to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties. The alloy has good corrosion resistance along with high strength and hardness. In the annealed condition, 410 stainless steel flange is ductile and may be formed. It remains magnetic in both the annealed and heat treated conditions. Applications Cutlery Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Processing Equipment Ore Processing Sugar Processing Gate valves Stainless Steel flange Standards ASTM……….A 240 ASME……….SA 240 AMS…………5504 Oxidation Resistance Alloy 410 stainless steel flange resists oxidation up to 1292°F (700°C) continuously, and up to 1500°F (816°C) on an intermittent basis. Physical Properties Density 0.28 lbs/in3 7.74 g/cm3 Specific Heat 0.11 BTU/lb-°F (32 – 212°F) 0.46 J/kg-°K (0 – 100°C) Modulus of Elasticity 29 x 106 psi 200 GPa Thermal Conductivity 212°F (100°C) 14.4 BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F 24.9 W/m-°K Melting Range 2700 – 2790°F 1480 – 1530°C Electrical Resistivity 22.50 Microhm-in at 68°C 57 Microhm-cm at 20°C Mechanical Properties Typical Values at 68°F (20°C) Corrosion Resistance Alloy 410 stainless steel flange is resistant to atmospheric conditions, water and some chemicals. It can be used in environments containing weak or diluted acetic acid, naptha, nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The alloy is also resistant to acids contained in foods. 410 stainless steel flange can also be used in slightly chlorinated and desaereted water. It performs well in oil and gas applications where desaereted and low hydrogen sulfide exist. However, the alloy is prone to chloride attack, particularly in oxidizing conditions. 410 stainless steel flange operates well in environments requiring moderate corrosion resistance and high mechanical properties. Fabrication Data Heat Treatment Annealing – Heat slowly to 1500 – 1650°F (816 – 899°C), cool to 1100oF (593°C) in furnace, air cool Process Annealing – Heat to 1350 – 1450°F (732 – 788°C), air cool Hardening – Heat to 1700 – 1850°F (927 – 1010°C), air cool or oil quench. Follow by stress-relief or temper  Stress Relieving – Heat to 300 – 800°F (149 – 427°C) for 1 to 2 hours, air cool Tempering – Heat to 1100 – 1400°F (593 – 760°C) for 1 to 4 hours, air cool Cold Forming The alloy can be cold worked with moderate forming in the annealed condition. Hot Forming It is typically done in the 1382 – 2102°F (750 – 1150°C) range followed by air cooling. For smaller flange deformation such as bending, preheating should be done in the 212 – 572°F (100 – 300°C) temperature range. If a flange undergoes substantial deformation it should undergo a re-anneal or stress-relieving treatment at about 1202°F (650°C). Machining Alloy 410 stainless steel flange is best machined in the annealed condition at surface speeds of 60 – 80 feet (18.3 – 24.4m) per minute. Post machining decontamination and passivation are recommended. Welding Due to its martensitic structure, Alloy 410 stainless steel flange has limited weldability because of its hardenability. A post-weld heat treatment should be considered to assure the attainment of the required properties. When weld filler is needed, AWS E/ER 410, 410 NiMo and 309L are the most widely specified. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

410 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel commonly supplied in the hardened but still machineable condition. 410stainless steel is suitable for applications where high strength and moderate heat and corrosion resistance are required. Related Specifications BS970 410 S21 AISI ASTM A276 1.4006 UNS S41000 BS EN 10088 X12Cr13 Grade 410 stainless steel is commonly used for applications requiring good strength, toughness and reasonable corrosion. These characteristics make it suitable for applications and components such as gas and steam turbine parts, pumps, fasteners, studs, valve components and kitchen utensils. 410 stainless steel offers good corrosion resistance to atmospheric corrosion, water and some chemicals. Its optimum corrosion resistance is in the hardened and tempered condition and is best achieved by allowing oxygen to circulate freely on the surface which will form an oxide film which protects the steel. Keeping the surface free of scale and foreign particles improves corrosion resistance which makes 410 stainless steel suitable to exposure to chlorides in daily activities such as food and sports environments. Finished components should be passivated. For best corrosion resistance properties 410 stainless steel is mostly supplied in the ‘R’ condition as 410S21R Heat slowly to 820-900°C, hold until temperature is uniform through the steel. Soak well and allow to cool in the furnace. Pre heat carefully, then raise temperature to 1100-1200°C, hold until temperature is uniform through the steel. Do not forge below 900°C. After forging 410 stainless steel grade, cool slowly in a furnace or warm ashes. Heat slowly to 950-1020°C and hold until the temperature is uniform throughout the steel. After adequate soaking quench in oil or air cool.  Temper as soon as tools are hand warm. Heat carefully to a suitable tempering temperature. Soak as required and then allow to cool in air. Tempering between 600-700°C will achieve ‘R’ condition. 410 stainless steel can be tempered at lower temperatures to achieve higher tensile strengths but with lower impact properties. Tempering between 400-580°C is not advised as tempering within this range will seriously reduce impact properties and corrosion resistance. Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each steel component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and transfer facilities for the work piece. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of 410 stainless steel. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Technical Information for Type 410 Stainless Steel Alloy UNS Number SAE Number  410  S41000  51410 GENERAL PROPERTIESType 410 Stainless Steel is a hardenable, straight chromium stainless steel which combines superior wear resistance of high carbon alloys with the excellent corrosion resistance of chromium stainless steels. Oil quenching these alloys from temperatures between 1800°F to 1950°F (982 to 1066° C) produces the highest strength and/or wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance. This alloy is used when strength, hardness, and/or wear resistance must be combined with corrosion resistance. RESISTANCE TO CORROSIONType 410 Stainless Steel exhibits good corrosion resistance to atmospheric corrosion, potable water, and to mildly corrosive chemical environments because of its ability to form a tightly adherent oxide film which protects their surfaces from further attack. Exposure to chlorides in everyday type activities is generally satisfactory when proper cleaning is performed after exposure to use. For maximum corrosion resistance to chemical environments, it is essential that the stainless steel surface be free of all heat tint or oxide formed during forging, annealing, or heat treating. Al surfaces must be ground or polished to remove any traces of oxide and surface decarburization. The parts should then immersed in a warm solution of 10-20% nitric acid to remove any residual iron. A thorough water rinse should follow the nitric acid treatment. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Melting Point Density Specific Gravity Modulus of Elasticity in Tension  2723° F 1495° C  .276 lb/in³ 7.65 g/cm³  7.65  29 X 106 psi 200 Gpa MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Alloy Temper Tensile Strength Minimum  (psi) Yield Strength Minimum 0.2% offset  (psi) % Elongation in 2″ Minimum NotesType 410 Stainless SteelAnnealed65,00030,00020 %– All values specified are approximate minimums unless otherwise specified. Values are derived from the applicable AMS and ASTM specifications. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Alloy C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo Cu N Other410.151.00.040.0301.0011.50-13.50.75.50.50.08Al=.05, Sn=.05 All values are maximum values unless otherwise specified. Values are derived from applicable AMS and ASTM specifications. WELDING N/A HEAT TREATMENT To anneal this alloy, heat to 1500-1550° F (815-842° C) and hold for one hour per inch of thickness and furnace cool to room temperature. Such annealing should produce a Brinell hardness of 126-192 HB. A hardening heat treatment is necessary to bring out the maximum hardness and wear resistance. Since these materials absorb heat very slowly, they should be heated gradually and allowed to remain at temperature long enough to ensure uniform temperature in thick sections. For maximum strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance, slowly heat the alloy to 1800° F (982° C) and quench to room temperature in oil. For thin sections, air cooling can be substituted for the oil quench. If retained austenite is known to be present after the austenitizing and quench to room temperature, additional hardening response may be achieved by sub-zero cooling to about –100° F (-73° C). The as-quenched structure of fresh martensite is quite brittle and should be stress-relieved or tempered at approximately 400 to 500° F (204 to 260° C) to restore some ductility. During tempering between approximately 300° F (149° C) and 600° F (316° C), a relaxation of the martensite structure occurs whereby the volumetric stresses associated with the formation of martensite upon quenching are relieved. As a result, type 410 stainless steel still exhibits its high hardness and wear resistance properties but some ductility is introduced at the loss of a few pints of hardness. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Type 410 (UNS S41000) is a martensitic stainless steel that can achieve a variety of properties through heat treatment. This alloy has good corrosion resistance and high strength and hardness. Type 410 stainless steel is reserved for applications that require some corrosion resistance and high mechanical properties. Type 410 Stainless Steel Specifications: ASTM A240 for annealed condition ASTM A666 for tempered material*Composition per ASTM A240Carbon.080 -.150Manganese1.00 MaxPhosphorus.040 MaxSulfur.030 MaxSilicon1.00 MaxChromium11.50 -13.50Nickel.75 MaxNitrogen Molybdenum Mechanical Properties (Annealed, Per ASTM A240)UTS65,000 ksi MinElongation % in 2″20.00 MinRockwell Hardness  RB96.00 Max ​* Tempered mechanical properties are available upon request. Type 410 Stainless Steel Applications: Hardware Stainless Steel Flanges Stainless Steel Tubes Stainless Steel Nuts Stainless Steel Bolts Stainless Steel Screws Kitchenware Knives and other kitchen utensils Magnetic Properties: Type 410 stainless steel is magnetic in all conditions. Forming: Type 410 stainless steel has a moderate ability to be formed and drawn into other shapes. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)