What are pipe clamps? Pipe clamps usually have one fixed pad, and one adjustable pad. Pipe clamps are constructed using various materials and are available in several configurations with a variety of finishes. Metallic pipe clamps have high impact resistance and various finishes like a brilliant, glossy finish, heat-resistant coatings and epoxy coatings or plain look or hot-dip galvanized or painted. Various types of pipe clamps are as follows: •Rigid Clamps •U-Bolt Clamps •Flat Cushion Clamps •Oval Clamps •U-Bolt with Cushion Clamps •P Style Clamps •Swivel Bolt Clamps How to measure pipe clamps? Take the measurements of the following: •Diameter •Outside diameter of pipe •Cap nut diameter •Load ability Features of Pipe Clamps: Common features of pipe clamps are as follows: •Simple to operate •Easy to install •Adjustable in small range •Good appearance •Temperature range is dependent on the clamp lining being used. •All pipe clamps are designed to have a very high impact resistance. •Make for quick, easy pipe installation and layout. •Shock-absorption •Vibration dampening •Noise reducing property •Heavy torque •Usually used for large diameter pipes etc. Mounting Guidelines of pipe clamps: •The clamp should be mounted directly after the threaded connection or coupling of the piping which in turn protects the connection from vibrations. •Bends in the line should be clamped on both sides of the pipe bend. •The pipe line should be clamped directly before and after any in-line valves. •Proper Torquing of the clamp bolts is very essential. Uses of pipe clamps: Some uses of pipe clamps are as follows: •Used for fastening and fixing various pipelines whether in construction or industries or buildings etc. •Provide fast, safe, economic service and installation in piping system. •Pipe clamps are designed for a wide range of fastening applications. •These clamps are ideal for suspension of cold or hot pipe lines with heavy load having little or no insulation. •They are also used for high and even tightening force around the pipe, minimizes leakage. •The pipe clamps absorb shock, dampen vibration, and reduce noise in plumbing systems. •They can be used in high temperature applications. Applications of pipe clamps: Pipe clamps are used in general industrial pipe construction, in all areas of residential, industrial, mobile and marine hydraulics, the field of press technology, instrumentation and control technology, and many other application fields.

What is Pipe Union? A pipe union connects two pipes together in a way that requires only one pipe to be turned when removing the union, facilitating repairs. Pipe unions also prevent galvanic corrosion when connecting pipes of dissimilar metals. Three parts of pipe union: •A nut •A female end •A male end With the joining of the female and male ends, the nuts are used to provide the necessary pressure to seal the joint. The parts of the pipe union are normally locked together by at least one radial screw or nut with sized cross section. When severe pulling stress is applied onto the pipe union from the outside, the locking screw breaks and removes the two parts of the union, which in turn separates together with the pipes to which they are attached. Under normal conditions elastically stressed sealing objects ensure maintenance of watertightness between the union parts. Types of pipe unions: There are two basic types of pipe unions: •Ground Joint Union •Flange Union The difference between the two is that the former consists of three pieces while the latter two pieces. Applications of pipe unions: Pipe unions are used in various municipal and industrial applications like as follows: •Fire protection •Process piping system •Water and wastewater etc. Advantages of pipe union: There are various advantages of pipe unions like: •To provide a leak-proof disconnection point in any piping system. •Used for inserting metering and regulating devices into any plumbing application. •Can connect piping system to vessels. •Can join two pipes of different size together. •Can easily remove the join between two pipes. •Easy to install. •Economical.

Stainless steel eccentric reducer should not have crack, double skin appearance, wall thickness should be greater than the big diameter end section of the wall thickness. Roundness of stainless steel eccentric reducer should not be greater than 1% of the corresponding end diameter, and the allowable deviation of plus or minus 3 mm; Centerline should overlap on both ends of the stainless steel concentric reducer, the eccentric value allowable deviation is + / – 5 mm. Reducing forming technology of stainless steel reducer is with eccentric head big end diameter equal to the size of the pipe into the forming mould, through along the axial direction of tube billet, shrink along the cavity movement and metal forming. Stainless steel reducer should not have crack, double skin appearance, wall thickness should be greater than the big diameter end section of the wall thickness. Centerline should overlap on both ends of the stainless steel reducer, the eccentric value allowable deviation is + / – 5 mm. According to the size of the stainless steel reducer, pided into the one of pressing or more press forming. Stainless steel reducer stamping method (1) because when stamping die to ensure the stamping precision of size and shape, and generally does not destroy the surface of the stamping parts quality, and the life of the mould are long, so the quality of stamping not disorderly, good compatibility, has the characteristics of “the same”. (2) stamping, generally no chip broken material naturally, less material consumption, and do not need other heating equipment, it is a kind of material, machining method of energy saving, stamping parts of the capital is low.

Dimensions & Weight Of EN 1092-1 PN25 Type 05 Blind FlangeDNDC4KLQtty.weight20036030310261222,5025042532370301233,5030048534430301646,30 EN 1092-1 Type 05 Blind Flange: If any inquiry about products, please feel free to contact us sales@wilsonpipeline.com EN 1092-1 PN6 Type 05 Blind Flange EN 1092-1 PN10 Type 01 Blind Flange EN 1092-1 PN16 Type 01 Blind Flange

(1) compared with stainless steel tee, stainless steel reducer can not only change the piping, still can make for piping of different point of view, and can smooth tube medium flow, reduce the pressure drop and temperature drop. (2) compared with the diameter stainless steel elbow, stainless steel reducer can not only absorb the heat-expansion and cold-contraction of displacement change, also can make the tube medium velocity change; (3) stainless steel concentric reducer and stainless steel eccentric reducer under the premise of without changing for piping, can make the tube medium velocity change and flow smoothly; (4) stainless steel reducing can add blind plate form head function. The use of stainless steel eccentric reducer When water absorption, water absorption section of the reduced pressure, gas will isolate was dissolved in the water, if use stainless steel concentric reducer, these gases not discharge in time, will accumulate \ jams in the bumps, forming gas resistance. Pump will appear noise and carrying capacity drops greatly. If use stainless steel eccentric reducer, isolate the gas discharge in time, will not form a vapor lock. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Dimensions & Weight Of EN 1092-1 PN40 Type 05 Blind Flange DN D C4 K L Qtty. weight 10 90 16 60 14 4 0,72 15 95 16 65 14 4 0,81 20 105 18 75 14 4 1,14 25 115 18 85 14 4 1,38 32 140 18 100 18 4 2,03 40 150 18 110 18 4 2,35 50 165 20 125 18 4 3,20 65 185 22 145 18 8 4,29 80 200 24 160 18 8 5,54 100 235 24 190 22 8 7,60 125 270 26 220 26 8 10,80 150 300 28 250 26 8 14,60 EN 1092-1 Type 05 Blind Flange: If any inquiry about products, please feel free to contact us sales@wilsonpipeline.com EN 1092-1 PN6 Type 05 Blind Flange EN 1092-1 PN10 Type 01 Blind Flange EN 1092-1 PN16 Type 01 Blind Flange

What is a pipe cap? Pipe cap is the pipe fittings designed to be the ends of a piping. it is used to block off the end of a piping system by placing the cap over the open pipe. It is commonly made from the steel plate, in standard ANSI/ASME B16.9,the cap is butt welding ends, it is welded with the open pipe. The pipe caps are available in various shapes, like the hemispherical, oval, round etc . Because pipe cap is made of pressing steel plate to the shape of a cap, the cap is seamless pipe fitting commonly. Pipe caps cover the end of pipes, stopping the flow of fluids and protecting pipe threads. They are often used to direct flow to a particular end in a multi-end fitting. Pipe caps act as protective device and are designed to protect pipe ends of various shapes. The main purpose of using pipe caps is to waterproof the connections. They are also used to close the the ends of hydraulic or pneumatic pipes and tubes. They are used in the plumbing apparatus of domestic, commercial and industrial water supply lines, machinery and processing equipment etc. They are also fitted on water pump lines with the sole purpose of removing air blocks. Pipe caps are highly demanded as an important category of pipe fittings. Common Shapes of pipe caps: Pipe caps are available in various shapes. Having an intense knowledge about the shape of pipe cap would be beneficial for the buyer. Some of the common shapes of pipe caps are: •Round •Square •Rectangular •“U” Shape Cap •“I” Shape Cap •Hex Cap etc. Features of pipe caps: There are several important specifications that the buyer should consider before making bulk purchase of pipe caps. The important specifications that needs to be considered are: •NPT (National Pipe Thread ) size: This feature is applicable for round shaped caps, wherein the object that has to be protected has a male NPT thread. •BSP (British Standard Pipe) size: This size option is applicable only for round shaped caps, wherein the object to be capped has a male BSP thread. •Diameter: Diameter is an important dimension that is applicable only for round caps and plugs. In case of fittings having straight threads, the most important feature to be considered is the major thread diameter. However, this dimension is not an important consideration when cap, plug or object to be capped has a tapered (NPT or BSP) thread. •Shape: The dimension and shape of pipe caps are also very important points to consider. Pipe caps of different shapes have different features. Some features are: A.Round Caps: Popular features of round caps are: flange, slotted head, knurled or faceted head, retaining head, and tear tab. A flange is meant for easy removal or additional protection of pipe or tube surfaces. Flanges also help to prevent accidental pushing away of the plug through the opening. Slotted caps can be easily installed or removed with the help of a screwdriver. Knurled or faceted heads are usually designed for threaded caps and plugs only. Knurls or facets offer hassle free installation and removal. Pipe caps provided with a tear-tab or strip are easy to remove. B.Square or Rectangular Cap: For square or rectangular caps, length and width are the most important dimensions to consider. For rectangular caps, the width is the smaller cross sectional dimension, whereas for square caps, the length and breadth are the same dimension. Types of pipe caps: Pipe caps come in many different types and the type vary according to the application. However pipe caps also vary depending on their construction features and it is very important for the buyer to know the right type of pipe cap. Based on construction, pipe caps are of the following types: Threaded Caps: These caps are female threaded. The thread can be either straight or tapered, also referred as NPT. Generally, caps have a female thread and plugs have a male thread. Tapered Caps: These caps have tapered sides, which offers a close fit. Some of these fittings can be used either as a cap or a plug. Tapered caps and plugs are multi-functional and go well with male and female NPT threads, straight tubes and bars; and male straight threads. These fittings have a tapered body to provide a secure and firm friction fit while facilitating easy removal. The tapered caps are designed to provide protection for all internal and external, threaded and non-threaded fittings against damage, dirt or moisture that can occur. Anti-roll Caps: These caps are round in shape with a slightly square end. This prevents pipes and tubes from rolling.

Forming hole diameter is less than stainless steel reducer big end diameter of the tube billet, used in die forming along the tube billet diameter hole enlargement. Hole enlargement technology mainly to solve the stainless steel reducer in the variable diameter is larger not easily by reducing forming, sometimes according to the requirements of the materials and products forming, expanding and reducing method of combination. In the process of reducing or expanding deformation, according to different materials and variable diameter, determination by cold pressing and hot pressing. Under normal circumstances, as far as possible by cold pressing, but the multiple variable diameter and cause serious work hardening of the thick or alloy steel, wall thickness of materials appropriate USES hot pressing. In addition to the use of stainless steel pipe as raw material to produce stainless steel reducer, the part of the specifications of the stainless steel reducer can also be used steel plate stamping forming technology is adopted to improve the production. Drawing die shapes used by reference to reducing tube surface size design, use after blanking punching die, stamping steel stretch forming. stainless steel reducer used in what place? 1, when the fluid flow in stainless steel pipe have change, such as increasing or decreasing, velocity requirements haven’t changed much, all needs to use stainless steel reducer. 2, the inlet of pump, in order to prevent cavitation, requires a stainless steel reducer. 3, and instrumentation, such as flow meter, the regulator shall, in order to cooperate with the joint of the instrument, also need to use stainless steel reducer.

What is a gasket? A gasket is a mechanical seal which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under compression. Flanged joints are made by bolting together two flanges with a gasket between them to provide a seal. The gasket’s function is to seal two different surfaces held together by one of several means, the most common being screw-threaded devices such as bolts. The charecteristics of Good Gasket It will seal the fluid system. A good gasket should be chemically inert to resists the system fluid to avoid chemical reaction with fluid system. Should deform enough to flow into the imperfections on the gasket seating surfaces to provide intimate contact between the gasket and the seating surfaces. Withstands system temperatures without serious damaging the fluid system properties. Should be resilient and resists creep enough to maintain an adequate portion of the applied load. A good gaskets has sufficient strength to resist crushing under the applied load, and maintain its integrity when being handled and installed. Should not corrode the gasket seating surfaces. There are limits on the degree of flange surface imperfection that can be sealed successfully with a gasket. Large nicks, dents, or gouges must be avoided, since a gasket cannot properly seal against them. The surface finish of a flange is described as follows: 1. Roughness : Roughness is read in millionths of an inch (or meter) as the average of the peaks and valleys measured from a midline of the flange surface. 2. Lay – Lay : is the direction of the predominant surface-roughness pattern. Example: multidirectional, phonographic spiral serrations, etc. 3. Waviness : Waviness is measured in thousandths or fractions of an inch. Basically, it is the departure from overall flatness. Typical roughness readings can be from 125 to 500 micro-inches for serrated flanges and 125-250 micro-inches for non-serrated flanges. Fine finishes, such as polished surfaces, should be avoided. Adequate “bite” in the surface is required to develop enough friction to prevent the gasket from being blown out or from extruding or creeping excessively. The lay of the finish should follow the midline of the gasket. For example, concentric circles on a round flange, or a phonographic spiral. Every effort should be made to avoid lines across the face, such as linear surface grinding, which at 180º points will cross the seal area at right angles to the gasket, allowing a direct leak path. Waviness is seldom a problem under normal conditions. There are two areas that must be watched, however, since excessive waviness is very difficult to handle. The first area is glass-lined equipment where the natural flow of the fused glass creates extreme waviness. Often the answer here is to use thick and highly compressible gasketing. The second area of concern is warped flanges. If warpage is caused by heat or internal stresses, re-machining is generally sufficient. However, warpage due to excessive bolt loads or insufficient flange thickness results in what is generally called bowing. The solution is to redesign for greater flange rigidity. Sometimes backer plates can be added to strengthen the design without replacing the parts. Another step would be to add more bolts. When this is done, usually smaller bolt diameters are possible, thus adding more bolt stretch and better joint performance.

The iron element in stainless steel reducer by iron, steel, molybdenum steel materials, such as silicon, vanadium element materials. The chemical composition of iron, steel material which occupies most of the position, and other basic material is the formation of iron and steel in this kind of material time will form a solid melting iron, after annealing the formation of a small amount of metal material. Iron element if it is stainless steel material, then add the bearing in the cold will be thick impersonal, it certainly isn’t stainless steel iron, steel material is rough, stainless steel iron, steel materials are classified, simple said several Crl7, Cr25 Cr28 still has a lot of won’t go to the said. Stainless steel reducer used in what place? 1, when the fluid flow in pipes have change, such as increasing or decreasing, velocity requirements haven’t changed much, all needs to use stainless steel reducer. 2, the inlet of pump, in order to prevent cavitation, requires a stainless steel reducer. 3, and instrumentation, such as flow meter, the regulator shall, in order to cooperate with the joint of the instrument, also need to use stainless steel reducer.

A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system. It also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification. Flanges are usually welded or screwed. Flanges are available in round, square, and rectangular shapes. In some cases, flanges are usually in the shape of a ring or a plate to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe. TYPES OF FLANGES The most used flange types are: Anchor Flanges Blind Flanges Expander Flanges High Hub Flanges Lap Joint Flanges Long Weld Neck Flanges Orifice Flanges Plate Flanges Ring Type Joint Flanges Reducing Flanges Slip On Flanges Socket Weld Flanges Spectacle Blind Flanges Square Flanges Threaded Flanges Welding Neck Flanges MATERIALS FOR FLANGES: The most common materials used in flanges produced is carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, aluminium, brass, bronze, plastic etc. In addition, flanges, like fittings and pipes, for specific purposes sometimes internally equipped with layers of materials of a completely different quality as the flanges themselves, which are “lined flanges”. The material of a flange, is basically set during the choice of the pipe, in most cases, a flange is of the same material as the pipe. FLANGE MATERIALS: 1. ANSI FLANGES Size : 1/2″ TO 54″ Pressure Rating : 150#, 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500# Material : Carbon Steel : A-105, A-350 LF2, etc. Alloy Steel : F-5, F-9, F-11, F-22, F-91, ETC. Stainless Steel : SS 304, SS 304L SS316, SS 316L, SS 316Ti, SS 321, SS 347, SS 304H, 317L, Etc. Duplex SS : F-51, F-55 High Strength Steel : A694 Gr 52, 60, 65, 70, AISI 4130, 4140 Nickel Alloys : Monel 400, Inconel 625, Inconel 825, Alloy 20, etc. Standards : ASME B 16.5, ASME B 16.47, API 6A Type : SORF, WNRF, SWRF, BLRF, Threaded etc Specials : Spacers, Spectacle Blinds, Drip Rings, RTJ, Tongue, Groove, Orifice, etc. 2. DIN B.S. & UNI FLANGES Size : DN 10 to DN 800 Pressure Rating : PN6 to PN64 Material : 1.4404, 1.4307, 1.4571, 1.4541, 1.4462, 1.4306 Standards : EN 1092-1, BS 4504, UN 2278 etc. Type : SORF, WNRF, BLRF, SWRF, Threaded, etc. Specials : RTJ, Tongue, Groove, Orifice, etc. Flange dimensions are determined by the pipe size and the pressure class required for the application. Flanges are standardized according publications from organizations like ASME, MSS, API and others. Flange Installation Center the gasket on the flange. This is extremely vital where raised faces are involved. Note: standard ANSI ring gaskets, when cut properly, should center themselves with the bolts in place. Use a torque wrench and well-lubricated fasteners with hardened flat washers to ensure correct initial loading. Tighten bolts to compress gasket uniformly. This means going from side to side around the joint, in a star-like crossing pattern. All bolts should be tightened in one-third increments, according to proper bolting patterns. Retorque 12 to 24 hours after start-up, whenever possible. All applicable safety standards including lockout/tagout procedure should be observed. Never use liquid or metallic based anti-stick or lubricating compounds on the gaskets. Premature failure could occur as a result. Note: ASME PCC 1:2000 (R2005) :Guidelines For Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly

What is a bolt? A bolt is a form of threaded fastener with an external male thread. Bolts are thus closely related to, and often confused with, screws. Bolts are often used to make a bolted joint. This is a combination of the nut applying an axial clamping force and also the shank of the bolt acting as a dowel, pinning the joint against sideways shear forces. For this reason, many bolts have a plain unthreaded shank as this makes for a better, stronger dowel. The presence of the unthreaded shank has often been given as characteristic of bolts vs. screws, but this is incidental to its use, rather than defining. Bolts use a wide variety of head designs. These are designed to engage with the tool used to tighten them. Some bolt heads instead lock the bolt in place, so that it does not move and a tool is only needed for the nut end. The first bolts had square heads, formed by forging. These are still found, although much more common today is the hexagonal head. These are held and turned by a spanner or wrench, of which there are many forms. Most are held from the side, some from in-line with the bolt.