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What is a pipe fastener? A pipe fastener is a device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more pipes together. Pipe fasteners cover both high tensile and mild steel bolts, clamps, nuts, screws, washers, studs, pins etc. All types of fasteners are used for both industrial and residential pipe fittings. Pipe fasteners are used in almost all types of industries. They are made of various materials and are available in various shapes, sizes and designs. Fasteners can also be used to close a container such as a bag, a box, or an envelope; or they may involve keeping together the sides of an opening of flexible material, attaching a lid to a container, etc. There are also special-purpose closing devices, e.g. a bread clip. Fasteners used in these manners are often temporary, in that they may be fastened and unfastened repeatedly. Types of Pipe Fasteners Anchor Fasteners Anchor fasteners comprise screws, screw assemblies, and weld studs with variety of thread and point designs. These fasteners are used in all light and medium duty fixing in plumbing and piping applications. Anchors are thrust and momentum control devices. Piping and fitting joints including mechanical joints are protected from separation forces with the use of thrust and momentum control devices. Uses of anchor fasteners: Anchor fasteners used in pipe fittings are required at all changes of direction, changes of diameter and dead ends. They are installed to allow for maintenance of strainers, water meters, back-flow prevention devices, instrumentation and other ancillary devices in pipe fittings. They have simple and easy to apply installation. Bolts Bolts are fastening device ideal for fastening pipes and tubes. Bolts are used as threaded fastener, with a head, designed to be used with a nut. Bolts are a sensible and easy way of securing piping, tubes and hoses in all industrial applications. They are designed to be used for mounting of pipes to the walls or fastening piping components. Bolts are constructed using various materials and available in various sizes and finishes. Bolts used in pipe fittings offer many variations of eye-bolts, lifting eyes and u-bolts. Types of Bolts: Carriage bolts: Domed top with square under head Anchor bolts: Extended connections with handle Flange bolts: Ridge around the bolt head Hex tap bolts: Trimmed hex head with no flange Hex bolts: Hex head of various materials Lag bolts: Screw like pointed end. Metric bolts: Available in Hex/Flange/ Standard type Machine bolts: Fine or coarse threads Shoulder bolts: Allow slide or pivot Square neck bolts: Square or domed top with square under head Eye Bolt Eye bolts are special purpose bolts which are threaded with a loop or eye at one end. These type of bolts are used where external tension loads are to be applied. The eye of the bolt is used to anchor a cable, chain or rope . Eye bolts are used in different types of applications and they can pivot or swivel. They are available in various sizes and are made of various materials. They are provided either plain finish or hot dip galvanized. They are used in wide number of applications, including pipe fittings Types of Eye Bolts: There are four types of eyebolts. They are as follows: Forged eyebolts: These eyebolts are forged instead of formed. They are one-piece fasteners offering higher load ratings. Shoulder eyebolts: These eyebolts have a shoulder under the eye and the shoulder is installed flush with the mounting surface. Thimble eyebolts: These eyebolts are designed with an opening that acts as a thimble for rope or wire to minimize wear. Pivoting eyebolts: These eyebolts are designed in such a way to pivot 180°. Nuts Nuts are very useful to attach machine thread fasteners. Different types of nuts in various sizes and materials are available. Nuts are widely used as pipe fasteners. In-fact no bolts can be fixed to a pipe without the use of nuts. Bolts and nuts are used in combination. Types of nuts: Hex Nuts: Also known as finished full, these nuts are used for fastening to a bolt while joining materials together mechanically. Hex machine screw nuts: These nuts are used with smaller machine screw sizes under ¼ inch, and are used to fasten a bolt mechanically. Hex lock nuts nylon insert: These nuts help prevent loosening from vibration due to the presence of the nylon material located at the top. Hex jam nuts: Another type of a hex nut (thinner version) in sizes ¼ inch and above. Hex jam nylon lock nuts: These nuts are a thinner version of hex lock nuts with nylon insert. Cap nuts: These nuts have a finished top. Square nuts: Square nuts, in the shape of square, were mostly replaced by hex nuts. Wing nuts: These nuts are turned by hand. Acorn Nuts: These nuts have a high crown used for appearance. Prevailing torque lock nuts: These are metal lock nuts which are non-reverseable and are used in high temperature applications. Hex Nuts: Also known as finished full, these nuts are used for fastening to a bolt while joining materials together mechanically. Hex machine screw nuts: These nuts are used with smaller machine screw sizes under ¼ inch, and are used to fasten a bolt mechanically. Coupling nuts: These nuts are long nuts to connect pieces of male threaded fasteners or threaded rods. Studs Studs are type of mechanical fasteners used in fastening various products, including pipes used in different applications. These type of fasteners are threaded on one or both ends. Studs are headless bolts, threaded , sometimes with different threads. One end of the stud is secured to an object while the other end is used typically with a nut. They are available in both Metric and English threads. Stud Fasteners are available in all forms to suit any application. Types of studs: •Gland or tap-end stud: It has an interference fit at one end and a free-running thread at the other. •Double-end stud: It has free-running threads at both ends. •Three-bolt stud: Used in high-temperature/pressure applications. •Standard stud: Used for general-purpose applications. Advantages of studs: •Studs help in eliminating deviations from perfect squareness in an assembly. •The basic advantage of using a stud rather than a bolt or screw is the ability of a nut to “float” and adjust on the nut end threads. •The thicker the cover plate, or the longer the tapped hole, the more important the stud becomes. •In assembling and reassembling heavy parts , for example, turbine casings and cylinder heads, studs can act as pilots. •In the automatic assembly of small, lightweight units, studs help in reducing assembly costs. They permit quick and easy “stack up” of gaskets or other different parts of a joint or two different pipes. •Studs also help in reducing the need for the large hole clearance and close hole alignment which are usually required by a cap screw or bolt. •Studs with an interference-fit thread or proprietary-lock thread on the tap or pipe end gives a positive lock against turning and loosening. •Studs also provide sealant to prevent leakage of fluids through holes tapped in porous materials.

Dimensions & Weight Of EN 1092-1 PN40 Type 05 Blind Flange DN D C4 K L Qtty. weight 10 90 16 60 14 4 0,72 15 95 16 65 14 4 0,81 20 105 18 75 14 4 1,14 25 115 18 85 14 4 1,38 32 140 18 100 18 4 2,03 40 150 18 110 18 4 2,35 50 165 20 125 18 4 3,20 65 185 22 145 18 8 4,29 80 200 24 160 18 8 5,54 100 235 24 190 22 8 7,60 125 270 26 220 26 8 10,80 150 300 28 250 26 8 14,60 EN 1092-1 Type 05 Blind Flange: If any inquiry about products, please feel free to contact us sales@wilsonpipeline.com EN 1092-1 PN6 Type 05 Blind Flange EN 1092-1 PN10 Type 01 Blind Flange EN 1092-1 PN16 Type 01 Blind Flange

What is Pipe Union? A pipe union connects two pipes together in a way that requires only one pipe to be turned when removing the union, facilitating repairs. Pipe unions also prevent galvanic corrosion when connecting pipes of dissimilar metals. Three parts of pipe union: •A nut •A female end •A male end With the joining of the female and male ends, the nuts are used to provide the necessary pressure to seal the joint. The parts of the pipe union are normally locked together by at least one radial screw or nut with sized cross section. When severe pulling stress is applied onto the pipe union from the outside, the locking screw breaks and removes the two parts of the union, which in turn separates together with the pipes to which they are attached. Under normal conditions elastically stressed sealing objects ensure maintenance of watertightness between the union parts. Types of pipe unions: There are two basic types of pipe unions: •Ground Joint Union •Flange Union The difference between the two is that the former consists of three pieces while the latter two pieces. Applications of pipe unions: Pipe unions are used in various municipal and industrial applications like as follows: •Fire protection •Process piping system •Water and wastewater etc. Advantages of pipe union: There are various advantages of pipe unions like: •To provide a leak-proof disconnection point in any piping system. •Used for inserting metering and regulating devices into any plumbing application. •Can connect piping system to vessels. •Can join two pipes of different size together. •Can easily remove the join between two pipes. •Easy to install. •Economical.

Stainless steel eccentric reducer should not have crack, double skin appearance, wall thickness should be greater than the big diameter end section of the wall thickness. Roundness of stainless steel eccentric reducer should not be greater than 1% of the corresponding end diameter, and the allowable deviation of plus or minus 3 mm; Centerline should overlap on both ends of the stainless steel concentric reducer, the eccentric value allowable deviation is + / – 5 mm. Reducing forming technology of stainless steel reducer is with eccentric head big end diameter equal to the size of the pipe into the forming mould, through along the axial direction of tube billet, shrink along the cavity movement and metal forming. Stainless steel reducer should not have crack, double skin appearance, wall thickness should be greater than the big diameter end section of the wall thickness. Centerline should overlap on both ends of the stainless steel reducer, the eccentric value allowable deviation is + / – 5 mm. According to the size of the stainless steel reducer, pided into the one of pressing or more press forming. Stainless steel reducer stamping method (1) because when stamping die to ensure the stamping precision of size and shape, and generally does not destroy the surface of the stamping parts quality, and the life of the mould are long, so the quality of stamping not disorderly, good compatibility, has the characteristics of “the same”. (2) stamping, generally no chip broken material naturally, less material consumption, and do not need other heating equipment, it is a kind of material, machining method of energy saving, stamping parts of the capital is low.

Dimensions & Weight Of EN 1092-1 PN25 Type 05 Blind FlangeDNDC4KLQtty.weight20036030310261222,5025042532370301233,5030048534430301646,30 EN 1092-1 Type 05 Blind Flange: If any inquiry about products, please feel free to contact us sales@wilsonpipeline.com EN 1092-1 PN6 Type 05 Blind Flange EN 1092-1 PN10 Type 01 Blind Flange EN 1092-1 PN16 Type 01 Blind Flange

(1) compared with stainless steel tee, stainless steel reducer can not only change the piping, still can make for piping of different point of view, and can smooth tube medium flow, reduce the pressure drop and temperature drop. (2) compared with the diameter stainless steel elbow, stainless steel reducer can not only absorb the heat-expansion and cold-contraction of displacement change, also can make the tube medium velocity change; (3) stainless steel concentric reducer and stainless steel eccentric reducer under the premise of without changing for piping, can make the tube medium velocity change and flow smoothly; (4) stainless steel reducing can add blind plate form head function. The use of stainless steel eccentric reducer When water absorption, water absorption section of the reduced pressure, gas will isolate was dissolved in the water, if use stainless steel concentric reducer, these gases not discharge in time, will accumulate \ jams in the bumps, forming gas resistance. Pump will appear noise and carrying capacity drops greatly. If use stainless steel eccentric reducer, isolate the gas discharge in time, will not form a vapor lock. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

What is a pipe cap? Pipe cap is the pipe fittings designed to be the ends of a piping. it is used to block off the end of a piping system by placing the cap over the open pipe. It is commonly made from the steel plate, in standard ANSI/ASME B16.9,the cap is butt welding ends, it is welded with the open pipe. The pipe caps are available in various shapes, like the hemispherical, oval, round etc . Because pipe cap is made of pressing steel plate to the shape of a cap, the cap is seamless pipe fitting commonly. Pipe caps cover the end of pipes, stopping the flow of fluids and protecting pipe threads. They are often used to direct flow to a particular end in a multi-end fitting. Pipe caps act as protective device and are designed to protect pipe ends of various shapes. The main purpose of using pipe caps is to waterproof the connections. They are also used to close the the ends of hydraulic or pneumatic pipes and tubes. They are used in the plumbing apparatus of domestic, commercial and industrial water supply lines, machinery and processing equipment etc. They are also fitted on water pump lines with the sole purpose of removing air blocks. Pipe caps are highly demanded as an important category of pipe fittings. Common Shapes of pipe caps: Pipe caps are available in various shapes. Having an intense knowledge about the shape of pipe cap would be beneficial for the buyer. Some of the common shapes of pipe caps are: •Round •Square •Rectangular •“U” Shape Cap •“I” Shape Cap •Hex Cap etc. Features of pipe caps: There are several important specifications that the buyer should consider before making bulk purchase of pipe caps. The important specifications that needs to be considered are: •NPT (National Pipe Thread ) size: This feature is applicable for round shaped caps, wherein the object that has to be protected has a male NPT thread. •BSP (British Standard Pipe) size: This size option is applicable only for round shaped caps, wherein the object to be capped has a male BSP thread. •Diameter: Diameter is an important dimension that is applicable only for round caps and plugs. In case of fittings having straight threads, the most important feature to be considered is the major thread diameter. However, this dimension is not an important consideration when cap, plug or object to be capped has a tapered (NPT or BSP) thread. •Shape: The dimension and shape of pipe caps are also very important points to consider. Pipe caps of different shapes have different features. Some features are: A.Round Caps: Popular features of round caps are: flange, slotted head, knurled or faceted head, retaining head, and tear tab. A flange is meant for easy removal or additional protection of pipe or tube surfaces. Flanges also help to prevent accidental pushing away of the plug through the opening. Slotted caps can be easily installed or removed with the help of a screwdriver. Knurled or faceted heads are usually designed for threaded caps and plugs only. Knurls or facets offer hassle free installation and removal. Pipe caps provided with a tear-tab or strip are easy to remove. B.Square or Rectangular Cap: For square or rectangular caps, length and width are the most important dimensions to consider. For rectangular caps, the width is the smaller cross sectional dimension, whereas for square caps, the length and breadth are the same dimension. Types of pipe caps: Pipe caps come in many different types and the type vary according to the application. However pipe caps also vary depending on their construction features and it is very important for the buyer to know the right type of pipe cap. Based on construction, pipe caps are of the following types: Threaded Caps: These caps are female threaded. The thread can be either straight or tapered, also referred as NPT. Generally, caps have a female thread and plugs have a male thread. Tapered Caps: These caps have tapered sides, which offers a close fit. Some of these fittings can be used either as a cap or a plug. Tapered caps and plugs are multi-functional and go well with male and female NPT threads, straight tubes and bars; and male straight threads. These fittings have a tapered body to provide a secure and firm friction fit while facilitating easy removal. The tapered caps are designed to provide protection for all internal and external, threaded and non-threaded fittings against damage, dirt or moisture that can occur. Anti-roll Caps: These caps are round in shape with a slightly square end. This prevents pipes and tubes from rolling.

Forming hole diameter is less than stainless steel reducer big end diameter of the tube billet, used in die forming along the tube billet diameter hole enlargement. Hole enlargement technology mainly to solve the stainless steel reducer in the variable diameter is larger not easily by reducing forming, sometimes according to the requirements of the materials and products forming, expanding and reducing method of combination. In the process of reducing or expanding deformation, according to different materials and variable diameter, determination by cold pressing and hot pressing. Under normal circumstances, as far as possible by cold pressing, but the multiple variable diameter and cause serious work hardening of the thick or alloy steel, wall thickness of materials appropriate USES hot pressing. In addition to the use of stainless steel pipe as raw material to produce stainless steel reducer, the part of the specifications of the stainless steel reducer can also be used steel plate stamping forming technology is adopted to improve the production. Drawing die shapes used by reference to reducing tube surface size design, use after blanking punching die, stamping steel stretch forming. stainless steel reducer used in what place? 1, when the fluid flow in stainless steel pipe have change, such as increasing or decreasing, velocity requirements haven’t changed much, all needs to use stainless steel reducer. 2, the inlet of pump, in order to prevent cavitation, requires a stainless steel reducer. 3, and instrumentation, such as flow meter, the regulator shall, in order to cooperate with the joint of the instrument, also need to use stainless steel reducer.

A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system. It also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification. Flanges are usually welded or screwed. Flanges are available in round, square, and rectangular shapes. In some cases, flanges are usually in the shape of a ring or a plate to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe. TYPES OF FLANGES The most used flange types are: Anchor Flanges Blind Flanges Expander Flanges High Hub Flanges Lap Joint Flanges Long Weld Neck Flanges Orifice Flanges Plate Flanges Ring Type Joint Flanges Reducing Flanges Slip On Flanges Socket Weld Flanges Spectacle Blind Flanges Square Flanges Threaded Flanges Welding Neck Flanges MATERIALS FOR FLANGES: The most common materials used in flanges produced is carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, aluminium, brass, bronze, plastic etc. In addition, flanges, like fittings and pipes, for specific purposes sometimes internally equipped with layers of materials of a completely different quality as the flanges themselves, which are “lined flanges”. The material of a flange, is basically set during the choice of the pipe, in most cases, a flange is of the same material as the pipe. FLANGE MATERIALS: 1. ANSI FLANGES Size : 1/2″ TO 54″ Pressure Rating : 150#, 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500# Material : Carbon Steel : A-105, A-350 LF2, etc. Alloy Steel : F-5, F-9, F-11, F-22, F-91, ETC. Stainless Steel : SS 304, SS 304L SS316, SS 316L, SS 316Ti, SS 321, SS 347, SS 304H, 317L, Etc. Duplex SS : F-51, F-55 High Strength Steel : A694 Gr 52, 60, 65, 70, AISI 4130, 4140 Nickel Alloys : Monel 400, Inconel 625, Inconel 825, Alloy 20, etc. Standards : ASME B 16.5, ASME B 16.47, API 6A Type : SORF, WNRF, SWRF, BLRF, Threaded etc Specials : Spacers, Spectacle Blinds, Drip Rings, RTJ, Tongue, Groove, Orifice, etc. 2. DIN B.S. & UNI FLANGES Size : DN 10 to DN 800 Pressure Rating : PN6 to PN64 Material : 1.4404, 1.4307, 1.4571, 1.4541, 1.4462, 1.4306 Standards : EN 1092-1, BS 4504, UN 2278 etc. Type : SORF, WNRF, BLRF, SWRF, Threaded, etc. Specials : RTJ, Tongue, Groove, Orifice, etc. Flange dimensions are determined by the pipe size and the pressure class required for the application. Flanges are standardized according publications from organizations like ASME, MSS, API and others. Flange Installation Center the gasket on the flange. This is extremely vital where raised faces are involved. Note: standard ANSI ring gaskets, when cut properly, should center themselves with the bolts in place. Use a torque wrench and well-lubricated fasteners with hardened flat washers to ensure correct initial loading. Tighten bolts to compress gasket uniformly. This means going from side to side around the joint, in a star-like crossing pattern. All bolts should be tightened in one-third increments, according to proper bolting patterns. Retorque 12 to 24 hours after start-up, whenever possible. All applicable safety standards including lockout/tagout procedure should be observed. Never use liquid or metallic based anti-stick or lubricating compounds on the gaskets. Premature failure could occur as a result. Note: ASME PCC 1:2000 (R2005) :Guidelines For Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly

What is a gasket? A gasket is a mechanical seal which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under compression. Flanged joints are made by bolting together two flanges with a gasket between them to provide a seal. The gasket’s function is to seal two different surfaces held together by one of several means, the most common being screw-threaded devices such as bolts. The charecteristics of Good Gasket It will seal the fluid system. A good gasket should be chemically inert to resists the system fluid to avoid chemical reaction with fluid system. Should deform enough to flow into the imperfections on the gasket seating surfaces to provide intimate contact between the gasket and the seating surfaces. Withstands system temperatures without serious damaging the fluid system properties. Should be resilient and resists creep enough to maintain an adequate portion of the applied load. A good gaskets has sufficient strength to resist crushing under the applied load, and maintain its integrity when being handled and installed. Should not corrode the gasket seating surfaces. There are limits on the degree of flange surface imperfection that can be sealed successfully with a gasket. Large nicks, dents, or gouges must be avoided, since a gasket cannot properly seal against them. The surface finish of a flange is described as follows: 1. Roughness : Roughness is read in millionths of an inch (or meter) as the average of the peaks and valleys measured from a midline of the flange surface. 2. Lay – Lay : is the direction of the predominant surface-roughness pattern. Example: multidirectional, phonographic spiral serrations, etc. 3. Waviness : Waviness is measured in thousandths or fractions of an inch. Basically, it is the departure from overall flatness. Typical roughness readings can be from 125 to 500 micro-inches for serrated flanges and 125-250 micro-inches for non-serrated flanges. Fine finishes, such as polished surfaces, should be avoided. Adequate “bite” in the surface is required to develop enough friction to prevent the gasket from being blown out or from extruding or creeping excessively. The lay of the finish should follow the midline of the gasket. For example, concentric circles on a round flange, or a phonographic spiral. Every effort should be made to avoid lines across the face, such as linear surface grinding, which at 180º points will cross the seal area at right angles to the gasket, allowing a direct leak path. Waviness is seldom a problem under normal conditions. There are two areas that must be watched, however, since excessive waviness is very difficult to handle. The first area is glass-lined equipment where the natural flow of the fused glass creates extreme waviness. Often the answer here is to use thick and highly compressible gasketing. The second area of concern is warped flanges. If warpage is caused by heat or internal stresses, re-machining is generally sufficient. However, warpage due to excessive bolt loads or insufficient flange thickness results in what is generally called bowing. The solution is to redesign for greater flange rigidity. Sometimes backer plates can be added to strengthen the design without replacing the parts. Another step would be to add more bolts. When this is done, usually smaller bolt diameters are possible, thus adding more bolt stretch and better joint performance.

The iron element in stainless steel reducer by iron, steel, molybdenum steel materials, such as silicon, vanadium element materials. The chemical composition of iron, steel material which occupies most of the position, and other basic material is the formation of iron and steel in this kind of material time will form a solid melting iron, after annealing the formation of a small amount of metal material. Iron element if it is stainless steel material, then add the bearing in the cold will be thick impersonal, it certainly isn’t stainless steel iron, steel material is rough, stainless steel iron, steel materials are classified, simple said several Crl7, Cr25 Cr28 still has a lot of won’t go to the said. Stainless steel reducer used in what place? 1, when the fluid flow in pipes have change, such as increasing or decreasing, velocity requirements haven’t changed much, all needs to use stainless steel reducer. 2, the inlet of pump, in order to prevent cavitation, requires a stainless steel reducer. 3, and instrumentation, such as flow meter, the regulator shall, in order to cooperate with the joint of the instrument, also need to use stainless steel reducer.

Stainless steel eccentric reducer besides using steel as raw material to produce reducer, reducer can also be used part of the specifications of the stainless steel stainless steel plate stamping forming technology is adopted to improve the production. Drawing die shapes used by reference to reducing tube surface size design, use after blanking punching die, stamping steel stretch forming. 1, when the fluid flow changes in stainless steel pipe, such as increasing or decreasing, velocity requirements haven’t changed much, must adopt stainless steel reducer. 2, and instrumentation, such as flow meter, the regulator shall, in order to cooperate with the joint of the instrument, also need to adopt stainless steel reducer. 3, the inlet of pump, in order to prevent cavitation, need to adopt stainless steel reducer. Stainless steel reducer used in what place? 1, when the fluid flow in pipes have change, such as increasing or decreasing, velocity requirements haven’t changed much, all needs to use reducer. 2, the inlet of pump, in order to prevent cavitation, need to adopt stainless steel reducer. 3, and instrumentation, such as flow meter, the regulator shall, in order to cooperate with the joint of the instrument, also need to adopt stainless steel reducer.