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General stainless steel pipe fittings assembly mode can be pided into roughly two categories: one kind is detachable, non-standard flange, thread and packing methods of connection. Another kind is not detachable type, important is connected by welding method. These two kinds of assembly way have different requirements in the installation. Detachable when assembling, stainless steel pipe fittings according to the first position is pided into several section of the assembly. This can be done on the ground, also can be set to on installation location. Then from one end of the stainless steel pipe to the other end fixed interface of successive combination; Can also be from line 2 end interface to the middle of successive groups. But in the group of process, must check the deviation of the center line of the pipeline, to avoid due to deviation of finally closed joints hi-lo is too big. But although very attention, the final interface of a small amount of deviation is always free, so generally available to the last paragraph tube site configuration. If it is casting stainless steel pipe fittings with oblique pad and sub can be depended on to correct. Not detachable type pipe assembly, each joint should be according to the request processing groove, can indoors in advance the field compound welding joint should be indoors. The scene in the compound as steep reducing welding fixed to ensure the quality of joint. Welding construction site shall ensure that are not affected by the wind, rain, snow directly influence of ambient temperature shall be not less than allowed range. To preheat the stainless steel tube joint according to provisions of preheating, stainless steel pipe fittings for common welding environment and preheating requirements. Weld quality requirements, according to the different level of stainless steel pipe fittings. General requirements of weld shall be no cracks, porosity, slag inclusion. The depth of the bit of meat shall not exceed 10% of the pipe wall thickness, maximum less than 1 mm, and the nondestructive flaw detection for weld internal quality, and the towns.

What is threaded reducing coupling? A threaded reducing coupling is a connector used to screw two pieces of pipe together using threaded rings.Dimension:ANSI B 16.11Specification:ASTM A 182Size:1/4″ to 4″Class:2000 LBS, 3000 LBS, 6000 LBS, 9000 LBSRange:Union, Tee, Elbow, Socket, Nipple, Coupling, Plug, Bushing, Weldolet,   Threadolet, Sockolet. Types: Forged Cap, Forged Reducer, Forged Elbow, Forged Tee, Forged Insert , Forged Stub-Ends, Forged Return Bends, Forged Collar, Forged Cross. Materials and Grade: Stainless Steel Threaded Reducing Coupling: ASTM / ASME SA 403 GR WP “S” / “W” / ” WX” 304, 304L, 304H, 304N, 304LN, 309, 310H, 316, 316H, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H. Duplex Steel Threaded Reducing Coupling: ASTM / ASME SA 815 UNS NO.S 31803, S 32205, S 32550, S 32750, S 32760 Carbon Steel Threaded Reducing Coupling: ASTM / ASME A 234 WPB, WPC ASTM / ASME A 860 WPHY 42, WPHY 46, WPHY 52, WPH 60, WPHY 65 & WPHY 70 Alloy Steel Threaded Reducing Coupling: ASTM / ASME A 234 WP 1, WP 5, WP 9, WP 11, WP 12, WP 22, WP 23, WP 91 Nickel Alloy Threaded Reducing Coupling: ASTM / ASME SB 336, Nickel Alloy 200 (UNS No. 2200), Nickel Alloy 201 (UNS No. 2201), Monel 400 (UNS No. 4400), Alloy 20 / 20 CB 3 (UNS No. 8020), Inconel 825 (UNS No. 8825), Inconel 600 (UNS No. 6600), Inconel 601 (UNS No. 6601), Inconel 625 (UNS No. 6625), Hastelloy C 276 / C22 / B2 (UNS No. 10276) Copper Alloy Steel Threaded Reducing Coupling: ASTM / ASME SB 111 UNS NO.C 10100 , C 10200 , C 10300 , C 10800 , C 12000, C 12200, C 70600 , C 71500 ASTM / ASME SB 466 UNS NO.C 70600 ( CU -NI- 90/10) , C 71500 ( CU -NI- 70/30)

Spigot and socket jointing systems are commonly used for low and medium pressure steel pipelines but for potable water systems where an internal epoxy coating is required, the external fillet weld invariably damages the internal lining. The Steel Water Pipe E-Joint overcomes this problem because it includes an air pocket which drastically reduces the heat transfer to the internal surface.

What is threaded pipe cap Threaded pipe cap is the threaded pipe fittings designed to be the ends of a piping. it is used to block off the end of a piping system by placing the cap over the open pipe. It is commonly made from the steel plate, in standard ANSI/ASME B16.9,the cap is butt welding ends, it is welded with the open pipe. ASME B16.11 / BS3799 Threaded Pipe CapSizeClassRangeDimensionSpecification1/4″ to 4″2000, 3000, 6000, 9000Elbow, Tee, Nipple, Coupling, Plug, Socket, Bushing, Union, Welding Outlets, Socket Weld Outlets, Threaded OutletsANSI B 16.11ASTM A 182 END PREPARATION BEVELED END SQUARE END FLANGED END GROOVED END Nickel Alloy Threaded Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME SB 336 UNS 2200 (NICKEL 200) , UNS 2201 (NICKEL 201 ) , UNS 4400 (MONEL 400 ) , UNS 8020 ( ALLOY 20 / 20 CB 3 ) , UNS 8825 INCONEL (825) , UNS 6600 (INCONEL 600 ) , UNS 6601 (INCONEL 601) , UNS 6625 (INCONEL 625) , UNS 10276 (HASTELLOY C 276) Copper Alloy Steel Threaded Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME SB 111 UNS NO.C 10100 , C 10200 , C 10300 , C 10800 , C 12000, C 12200, C 70600 , C 71500 ASTM / ASME SB 466 UNS NO.C 70600 ( CU -NI- 90/10) , C 71500 ( CU -NI- 70/30) Stainless Steel Threaded Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME SA 403 GR WP “S” / “W” / ” WX” 304 , 304L, 304H, 304N, 304LN, 309, 310H, 316, 316H, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347 H Duplex Steel Threaded Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME SA 815 UNS NO.S 31803, S 32205, S 32550, S 32750, S 32760 Carbon Steel Threaded Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME A 234 WPB, WPC ASTM / ASME A 860 WPHY 42, WPHY 46, WPHY 52, WPH 60, WPHY 65 & WPHY 70 Alloy Steel Threaded Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME A 234 WP 1, WP 5, WP 9, WP 11, WP 12, WP 22, WP 23, WP 91 Types : Forged Elbow, Forged Tee, Forged Reducer, Forged Return Bends, Forged Stub-Ends, Forged Cap, Forged Collar, Forged Cross, Forged Insert etc. Threaded End Caps Size : 1/2” NB TO 24” NB. ( 1/8″ to 4″ class 3000 & 6000 threaded ) Class 3000 1/81/43/81/23/411 1/41 1/222 1/234B3/43/47/81 1/81 3/81 3/42 1/42 1/233 5/84 1/45 1/2D15/16111 1/41 7/161 5/81 3/41 3/41 7/82 3/82 9/162 11/16 Class 6000 1/81/43/81/23/411 1/41 1/222 1/234B7/811 1/41 1/21 3/42 1/42 1/233 5/84 1/456 1/4D11 1/1611 5/161 1/21 11/161 13/161 7/822 1/22 11/162 15/16

What is flanged joint? A flange joint is a connection of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together. A flange joint is a non-permanent, removable method of joining or blanking off steel and plastic pipes. Flange joints consist of a pair of identical discs with a row of attachment holes close to their outer circumference. When two pipes are to be joined, the two discs are placed against each other in such a way that the holes line up. Bolts are then passed through the holes and tensioned, thus pulling the flanges against each other firmly. Flanges are available in a range of designs including slip-on flanges, raised face flanges, and lap joint flanges all of which suit differing pipe system requirements. The flange joint is one of the most convenient and efficient removable pipe joining and blanking systems in common use. Flange joints are suitable for a range of pipe designs, materials, and sizes and are commonplace on systems as perse as large municipal water mains and small high pressure steam lines. Flange joints are quick to assemble and disassemble and may be included on stock pipe lengths or installed in-situ on existing pipe circuits. The flange joint allows for quick and effective connecting of pipe sections and for joining sections of piping to ancillary equipment such as pumps, valves, and metering devices. The wide range of types also means that there is a flange joint suitable for most transported mediums.

Socket weld joint is suitable for any potable water or sewage sludge pipeline. Ideal for all soil types due to complete corrosion protection.

A welding joint is a point or edge where two or more pieces of metal or plastic are joined together. They are formed by welding two or more workpieces (metal or plastic) according to a particular geometry. Five types of joints referred to by the American Welding Society: butt, corner, edge, lap, and tee. These configurations may have various configurations at the joint where actual welding can occur. There are four basic joints used in arc welding: •Butt joints •Tee joints •Lap joints •Corner joints Each welding joint has several variations to provide for different needs. Two different types of welds are used when welding these joints. The groove-type weld (butt weld) fills in grooves that are cut on the inside of two pieces of metal that are positioned next to each other. The fillet-type weld fills in space on the outside of pieces of metal that are positioned at an angle to each other. Butt welded joints A Butt Weld is a circumferential butt welded joint, and the most common type of joint employed in the fabrication of welded pipe systems. A butt joint is the most universally used method of joining pipe to itself, fittings, flanges, Valves, and other equipment. This welding technique is widely applied in situations where a quality weld desired, and the weld by X-ray technically should be investigated. When the material to be welded exceeds 3/16″ in thickness, the ends of pipes, fittings and flanges must be chamfered at approximately 37.5°, flared on a small upright side (Root face); in practice we talk about the Welding Bevel. The most used bevels are the “Plain bevel” from wall thicknesses (t) 4 to 22.5 mm, and the “Compound bevel” for wall thicknesses above 22 mm. ASME B16.25 covers the preparation of buttwelding ends of piping components to be joined into a piping system by welding. It includes requirements for welding bevels, for external and internal shaping of heavy-wall components, and for preparation of internal ends (including dimensions and dimensional tolerances). These weld edge preparation requirements are also incorporated into the ASME standards (e.g., B16.9, B16.5, B16.34). During the prefab from a pipe on a elbow e.g., a “Gap” of approx. 3-4 mm should be created, to obtain a proper weld penetration. The images below shows 3 examples Fig.1  A correct preparation and right gap, creates a proper penetration. Fig.2  A narrow gap, may be causes a hollow penetration. Fig.3  A large gap, may be causes a too heavy penetration. Fillet welded joints Fillet welded joints such as tee, lap and corner joints are the most common connection in welded fabrication. In total they probably account for around 70 to 80% of all joints made by arc welding. No edge preparation is needed and assemblies in piping systems are simpler. Therefore, fillet welds are usually cheaper than butt welds. In pipe systems fillet welded joints are generally used for joining pipe to socket joints in sizes NPS 2 and smaller, and in systems where Slip On flanges will be used. The image below illustrates typical fillet welded joints in a Socket Weld pipe system. ASME B31.1 1998 127.3 Preparation for Welding (E) Socket Weld Assembly says: In assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or tube shall be inserted into the socket to the maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately 1/16″ (1.6 mm) away from contact between the end of the pipe and the shoulder of the socket. The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a Socket Weld is usually to reduce the residual stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal, and to allow for differential expansion of the mating elements. The disadvantage of a Socket Weld system is right the expansion gap and the space between the OD of the pipe and the ID of the fitting. By corrosive products, and mainly in stainless steel pipe systems, the crack between pipe and flange, fitting or Valve can give corrosion problems. I am not an expert in this matter, but on the internet, you will find a lot of information about forms of corrosion. In service applications, where complete weld penetration to the inside of the piping is required, socket welds are not acceptable, and generally butt welds must be made.

What is a Pipe Union? A pipe union is a secure and semi-permanent connection between two pipes. Most pipe unions consist of two pipes connected together via a third piece. All three are threaded to make a firm connection. While unions are similar to couplings, they are generally easier to take apart and allow pipes of different metals to come together safely. This joining method is common in household and commercial pipe systems. At first glance, a pipe coupling and a pipe union seem very similar. They both connect two pipes together using a male and female threading system. The main difference between the systems comes from the actual method of joining. Two coupled pipes screw together directly, one inside the other. To take the pipes apart, every pipe that connects to the coupled pipe needs to turn. In a full pipe system, this would mean the entire system needs to come apart to remove one pipe. With a pipe union, the two pipe ends don’t screw into one another—they each screw into a third piece. When one pipe needs to come apart from the other, the union piece simply screws onto one of the two pipes completely. If both ends of a pipe are attached using a union, the pipe may be removed on its own without unscrewing the other pipes in the system. Pipe Union is a type of fitting equipment designed in such a way to unite two pipes which can be detached without causing any deformation to the pipes. Any kind of small diameter piping connections requiring a positive seal and easy assembly as well as disassembly are made with the help of pipe union. In other words, the pipe unions can disjoint two pipes very easily. They are widely demanded in the pipe fitting market. Materials used: Stainless steel Cast iron Aluminum Nickel Copper Brass Bronze Alloy Plastic Rubber etc. Three parts of pipe union: A nut A female end A male end With the joining of the female and male ends, the nuts are used to provide the necessary pressure to seal the joint. The parts of the pipe union are normally locked together by at least one radial screw or nut with sized cross section. When severe pulling stress is applied onto the pipe union from the outside, the locking screw breaks and removes the two parts of the union, which in turn separates together with the pipes to which they are attached. Under normal conditions elastically stressed sealing objects ensure maintenance of watertightness between the union parts. Types of pipe unions: There are two basic types of pipe unions: Ground Joint Union Flange Union The difference between the two is that the former consists of three pieces while the latter two pieces. Applications of pipe unions: Pipe unions are used in various municipal and industrial applications like as follows: Fire protection Process piping system Water and wastewater etc. Advantages of pipe union: There are various advantages of pipe unions like: To provide a leak-proof disconnection point in any piping system. Used for inserting metering and regulating devices into any plumbing application. Can connect piping system to vessels. Can join two pipes of different size together. Can easily remove the join between two pipes. Easy to install. Economical.

What is threaded union? Threaded union is primarily used for maintenance and installation purposes. It is a screwed joint design and it consists of three interconnected pieces. Two internally threads and a centerpiece that draws the ends together when rotated. SizeClassDimensionSpecification1/4″ to 4″2000, 3000, 6000, 9000ANSI B 16.11 ASTM A 182 ASME SA182 Stainless Steel Threaded Union ASTM / ASME SA A182 F304, 304H, 309, 310, 316, 316L, 317L, 321, 347, 904L Carbon Steel Threaded Union ASTM/ ASME A 105, ASTM/ ASME A 350 LF 2 Alloy Steel Threaded Union ASTM / ASME A182 F1/ F5/ F9/ F11/ F22/ F91 Nickel Alloy Threaded Union ASTM / ASME SB 336 UNS 2200 (NICKEL 200) , UNS 2201 (NICKEL 201 ) , UNS 4400 (MONEL 400 ) , UNS 8020 ( ALLOY 20 / 20 CB 3 ) , UNS 8825 INCONEL (825) , UNS 6600 (INCONEL 600 ) , UNS 6601 (INCONEL 601) , UNS 6625 (INCONEL 625) , UNS 10276 (HASTELLOY C 276) Copper Alloy Steel Threaded Union ASTM / ASME SB 111 UNS NO. C 10100 , C 10200 , C 10300 , C 10800 , C 12000, C 12200, C 70600 , C 71500 ASTM / ASME SB 466 UNS NO. C 70600 ( CU -NI- 90/10) , C 71500 ( CU -NI- 70/30) Duplex Steel Threaded Union ASTM A 182 – F 51, F53, F55 S 31803, S 32205, S 32550, S 32750, S 32760 1/8″ to 3 ” class 3000 and 1/2″ to 2″ class 6000Class 3000 1/81/43/81/23/411 1/41 1/222 1/23A1 11/161 11/161 27/3222 5/162 7/162 7/833 1/24 1/24 7/16B1 31/641 31/641 11/161 15/162 3/82 25/323 23/643 23/324 27/645 15/646 5/32C53/6453/6411 3/161 15/321 25/322 7/322 35/643 1/163 9/164 9/32D25/3225/3231/321 3/321 5/321 3/81 45/641 7/82 1/162 3/82 7/16E7/167/167/167/169/169/169/169/1611/167/81F0.4200.5550.6900.8551.0651.3301.6751.9152.4062.9063.535 0.4300.5650.7000.8651.0751.3401.6851.9252.4162.9213.550 Class 6000 1/81/43/81/23/411 1/41 1/22 A1 11/151 27/3222 5/162 7/162 7/833 1/24 1/8B1 31/641 11/161 15/162 3/82 25/323 23/643 23/324 27/645 15/64C53/6411 3/161 15/321 25/322 7/322 35/643 1/163 9/16D25/3231/321 3/321 5/321 3/81 45/641 7/82 1/162 3/8E7/167/167/169/169/169/169/1611/167/8F0.4200.5550.6900.8551.0651.3301.6751.9152.406 0.4300.5650.7000.8651.0751.3401.6851.9252.416Note: “C” dimension is across octagon corners or a diameter as applicable.The 2.1/2″ and 3″ 3000LB and 2″ 6000LB sizes have octagonal male and female ends; the other sizes are round.

The middle of the lateral tee gives off a branch, lateral tee back surface bend diameter for axb known, the arc radius; R = a, back arc radius R = T + a; Axb branch pipe diameter. I) delimit view: (1) according to the known size in order to draw the elevation and plan; (2) according to the back of the center of the branch (position in A ‘B’ center line overlap) delimit the vertical pipe, and make A branch of elevation, branch of oral sex to bend back arc surface G ‘H’; (3) according to the projection relationship before you make a branch in the lateral tee plan vertical view, a quick rectangular E1, F1, F2FE2. Row graph: 1) lateral tee’s sides is on elevation; (2) the inclined tee back: draw a rectangle width for b, length of back arc DB unbend, namely PI R / 2; According to the actual location of the branch pipe in the back arc, the symmetry line measuring HG curve contour length point H and G; H ‘and the G’ as a parallel lines, and a wide for b ‘, namely complete back arc expansion plan and the opening position and size. (3) branch: as a baseline, take its length is equal to the straight pipe section, and have been in accordance with the vertical view each dot notation M – E2 – F2 – F1 – E1 – M, and through the above each point as a baseline of vertical (parallel) each wire; In each line intercept the actual length of the line segment, linear parts direct attachment; By curve part with a radius of R, G, H and H, point to delimit circle arc, intersection point 0; To zero as the center of the circle, the radius R, GH, lateral tee expansion plan is completed.

From time to time in different special stainless steel pipe fittings installed will be the actual value compared with the theoretical value and pay attention to the deviation. Special stainless steel pipe fittings, for example, is generally can’t adjust the size of the deviation, balance only by the installation of pipes. At the same time for the part of the pipe hanger and installation location, for example. Need to tilt the installation position to pay attention. According to design of pipeline implementation of cold drawn prestressed data. Before cold drawn, the piping should be as far as possible in the condition of no additional stress. This can be from all stages of the installation process of cross plane measurement data of the comparison to judge. The installation work of the whole stainless steel pipe fittings and pipe insulation is completed, under the conditions of not loosen the spring hanger pipe measuring its actual location. Measure hanger loose again later. To check the position indicated by the constant force spring hanger, it should be consistent with the prescribed cold position. To make cold and hot state position respectively. If piping position, weight, balance and the location of the pipe hanger large deviation occurs, it is necessary to use the measured value of the whole piping system to calculate again. To determine whether to allow a larger deviation, advice when necessary in the installation phase review for the piping system is calculated. Before put into trial shipment is to be a pipe running under the weight of cold measurement, running hot and cold start-up after the measurement. The piping of the cold, hot and cold compared with the theoretical value, the location of the measurement data for analysis of piping system state. Which can be derived under basic load condition, for high stress and complicated components, stress and strain measurements made at the same time, in order to calculate the relay, connection moment and cause of the size of the stress. After a long interval for piping location survey, to provide whether displacement took place in the piping system.

90 degrees long radius elbow external arc elbow, elbow and elbow in the curved line, the shape of the elbow. Rectangular 904L 90 degrees long radius elbow is composed of two blocks of side wall, elbow back and elbow in four parts. Engineering often used inside and outside the arc shape bend, such limitations of site conditions, the arc shape bend or oblique line of elbow. When the inner arc and the internal oblique line elbow outside long a is more than or equal to 500 mm, so that the air flow distribution, 904L 90 DEG long radius elbow internal flow deflector. The guide plate with rivets assembled in the elbow wall connecting plate, the connecting plate rivet hole spacing is about 200mm. Guide plate material and the thickness of the material and the air pipe, the deflector angle and bending angle, guide vanes in elbow configuration should meet the design requirements, when the design requirements. Deflector on the windward side of the edge should be smooth, and both ends of the wind pipe fixed buy firmly and with an elbow guide taped out of arc length should be consistent. 90 degree long radius elbow can be used to connect the angle of the corner and the joint. In order to prevent the flange in 904L 90 degrees long radius elbow of the arc, can emit flange allowance, the allowance for angle steel flange width and 1omm flanging ‘inner arc almost rectangular elbow wrote in a slash shaped rectangular elbow, except that the different size of the inner side plate, the rest were the same.