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Available dimension of seamless pipe,Stainless Steel Pipes

The first and most important step toward successful use of stainless steel or nickel alloy is selection of the proper type for the application. Stainless steels and nickel alloys include a large number of standard types, but these types differ greatly from one another in composition, corrosion resistance, physical properties, and mechanical properties, and selection of the optimum type for a specific application is the key to satisfactory performance at a minimum total cost. Below is a suggested checklist of properties to be considered in the selection of the proper type for a specific application. This includes not only the obvious properties but also some less frequently required, but occasionally overlooked, properties. Property Checklist for Type Selection Corrosion resistance Oxidation and sulfidation resistance Strength and ductility at service and ambient temperatures Suitability for intended fabrication techniques Suitability for intended cleaning procedures Property stability in service Toughness Abrasion and erosion resistance Galling and seizing resistance Reflectivity Magnetic properties Thermal conductivity Thermal expansion Electrical resistivity Sharpness (retention of cutting edge) Rigidity Dimensional stability Corrosion resistance is frequently the most important characteristic of a stainless or heat resistant steel but is often also the most difficult to assess for a specific application. General corrosion resistance to natural conditions and to pure chemical solutions is comparatively easy to determine. However, general corrosion is often much less serious than localized forms such as stress corrosion cracking, crevice corrosion in tight spaces or under deposits, pitting attack, intergranular attack in “sensitized” material such as in weld heat affected zones, etc. Such localized corrosion can cause unexpected and sometimes catastrophic failures while most of a structure is unaffected and must, therefore, be considered carefully in design and in steel selection. Corrosive attack can also be dramatically increased by seemingly minor impurities in the medium, which may be difficult to anticipate but can have major effects even in parts-per-million concentrations. At elevated temperatures, an attack on the metal can be significantly accelerated by seemingly minor changes in atmosphere which affect scaling rate, sulfidation, or carburization. Despite these complications, a suitable steel can be selected for most applications on the basis of experience, perhaps assisted by suggestions from the steel producer. However, it must be recognized that laboratory corrosion data can be misleading in predicting service performance of a particular type. Even service data have limitations because similar corrosive media may differ substantially due to slight variations in some of the above corrosion factors. For difficult applications, extensive study of comparative data may be necessary, sometimes followed by pilot or service testing. Mechanical properties at service temperature are an obvious consideration, but sometimes overlooked is the necessity for satisfactory properties at other temperatures which are likely to be experienced. Thus, a product for arctic service must have suitable properties at subzero temperatures even though the steady-state operating temperature may be much higher, and post-service room-temperature properties can be important for a structure which may be intermittently shut down after operating at an elevated temperature. Selection must consider not only performance requirements but also fabrication and cleaning requirements. Frequently, a particular type is chosen for a fabrication characteristic such as formability or weldability over other types, which would perform adequately, but cost more to fabricate. Even a required or preferred cleaning procedure may dictate steel selection. Sometimes, it is overlooked that a welded fabrication, which is to be cleaned in a medium which attacks sensitized stainless steel, such as nitric-hydrofluoric acid, should be produced from stabilized or low-carbon types even though sensitization may be unimportant under service conditions. Other properties listed in the checklist are of vital importance for some specialized applications but are of little concern for many other applications. Surface finish is important for many applications, and stainless steels are sometimes used because of the variety of attractive finishes available. Selection among these finishes may be made on the basis of characteristics such as appearance, slideability, or cleanability. Effect of finish on the cleanability is not as simple as sometimes thought, and tests of available finishes may be advisable. Selection of finish may in turn influence selection of type because of differences in availability of the various finishes with grade or differences in finish durability. A more corrosion resistant type, for example, will maintain a bright finish in a corrosive environment, which would dull a lower alloy steel.

ASTM-Standards Section Two: Nonferrous Metals Nickel and others* ASTM Volume 02.04 B 161 Nickel seamless pipe and tube (UNS N02200; N02201) B 163 Seamless nickel and nickel alloy condenser and heat exchanger tubes (e.g. UNS N02200; N04400; N06600; N08800) B 165 Nickel-copper alloy (UNS N04400), seamless nickel pipe and tube B 167 Nickel-chromium-iron alloys (UNS N06600, N06601 and N06690), seamless pipe and tube B 407 Nickel-iron-chromium alloys (UNS N08800; N08810; N08811), seamless pipe and tube B 423 Nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloys (UNS N08825), pipe and tube B 444 Nickel-chromium-molybdenum-columbium alloys (UNS N06625), pipe and tube B 622 Seamless nickel and nickel-cobalt alloy pipe and tube (e.g. UNS N06455; N06059; N10276, N06002) B 668 Seamless tubes (UNS N08028) B 677 Seamless pipe and tube (UNS N08904; N08925; N08926) B 729 Seamless pipe and tube (UNS N08020; N08026; N08024) *Note: Section Two: Nonferrous Metals Nickel, Cobalt, Lead, Tin, Zinc, Cadmium, Precious, Reactive, Refractory Metals and Alloys; Materials for Thermostats, Electrical Heating and Resistance Contacts, and Connectors

ASTM-Standards Section One: Iron and Steel Products Steel – Piping, Tubing, Fittings ASTM Volume 01.01 A 213 / A 213M Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tubes A 268 / A 268M Seamless and welded ferritic and martensitic stainless steel tubing for general service A 269 / A 269M Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service A 312 / A 312M Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes A 376 / A 376M Seamless austenitic steel pipe for high-temperature central-station service A 511 Seamless stainless steel mechanical tubing A 789 / A 789M Seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service A 790 / A 790M Seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel pipe

Section One: Iron and Steel Products Steel – Piping, Tubing, Fittings Section Two: Nonferrous Metals Nickel and others ASME Boiler Pressure Code Section II Part A – Ferrous Material Specification ASME Boiler Pressure Code Section II Part B – Non-Ferrous Material Stainless and heat resisting steels Comparison Sheet For General Stainless Steel Grades Chemical Composition List For General Stainless Steel Grade Chemical Composition List For Special Austenitic Grades

ASME-Standards ASME Boiler Pressure Code Section II Part A – Ferrous Material Specification ASME SA 213 / SA 213M Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tubes SA 268 / SA 268M Seamless and welded ferritic and martensitic stainless steel tubing for general service SA 269 / SA 269M Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service SA 312 / SA 312M Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes SA 376 / SA 376M Seamless austenitic steel pipe for high-temperature central-station service SA 511 Seamless stainless steel mechanical tubing SA 789 / SA 789M Seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service SA 790 / SA 790M Seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel pipe

ASME Boiler Pressure Code Section II Part B – Non-Ferrous Material Specification ASME SB 161 Nickel seamless pipe and tube (UNS N02200; N02201) SB 163 Seamless nickel and nickel alloy condenser and heat exchanger tubes (e.g. UNS N02200; N04400; N06600; N08800) SB 165 Nickel-copper alloy (UNS N04400), seamless nickel pipe and tube SB 167 Nickel-chromium-iron alloys (UNS N06600, N06601 and N06690), seamless pipe and tube SB 407 Nickel-iron-chromium alloys (UNS N08800; N08810; N08811), seamless pipe and tube SB 423 Nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloys (UNS N08825), pipe and tube SB 444 Nickel-chromium-molybdenum-columbium alloys (UNS N06625), pipe and tube SB 622 Seamless nickel and nickel-cobalt alloy pipe and tube (e.g. UNS N06455; N06059; N10276, N06002) SB 668 Seamless tubes (UNS N08028) SB 677 Seamless pipe and tube (UNS N08904; N08925; N08926) SB 729 Seamless pipe and tube (UNS N08020; N08026; N08024)

Comparison Sheet For General Stainless Steel Grades Comparison of steel grades by chemistry EN steel number EN steel name SAE grade UNS DIN BS 970 UNI JIS Stainless steels 1.431 X10CrNi18-8 301 S30100 1.4318 X2CrNiN18-7 301LN 1.4305 X8CrNiS18-9 303 S30300 X10CrNiS18-9 303S 31 X10CrNiS18-09 SUS 303 En58M 1.4301 X2CrNi19-11 304 S30400 X5CrNi18-9 304S 15 X5CrNi18-10 SUS 304 X2CrNi18-10 X5CrNi18-10 304S 16 SUS 304-CSP XCrNi19-9 304S 18 304S 25 En58E 1.4306 X2CrNi19-11 304L S30403 304S 11 SUS304L 1.4311 X2CrNiN18-10 304LN S30453 1.4948 X6CrNi18-11 304H S30409 1.4303 X5CrNi18-12 305 S30500 1.4401 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 316 S31600 X5CrNiMo17 12 2 316S 29 X5CrNiMo17 12 SUS 316 1.4436 X5CrNiMo18-14-3 X5CrNiMo17 13 3 316S 31 X5CrNiMo17 13 SUS316TP X5CrNiMo 19 11 316S 33 X8CrNiMo17 13 X5CrNiMo 18 11 En58J 1.4404 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 316L S31603 316S 11 SUS316L 1.4406 X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 316LN S31653 1.4429 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 1.4571 316Ti S31635 X6CrNiMoTi17-12 320S 33 1.4438 X2CrNiMo18-15-4 317L S31703 1.4541 321 S32100 X6CrNiTi18-10 321S 31 SUS321 1.4878 X12CrNiTi18-9 321H S32109 1.4512 X6CrTi12 409 S40900 410 S41000 1.4016 430 S43000 X6Cr17 430S 17 SUS430 440A S44002 1.4112 440B S44003 1.4125 440C S44004 X105CrMo17 SUS440C 1.4104 440F S44020 X14CrMoS17 SUS430F 1.4539 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 904L N08904 1.4547 X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 S31254

UNI-Standards Stainless and heat resisting steels UNI 6904 Seamless tubes of special alloyed corrosion and heat resisting stainless tubes GOST-Standards Stainless steels GOST 9940 Seamless stainless steel tubes, hot finished GOST 9941 Seamless stainless steel tubes, cold and hot finished European-Standards Stainless steels EN 10216-5* Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes EN ISO 1127 Seamless stainless steel tubes (Dimensions and weights) *Note: This European standard is replacing old national standards for pressure purpose (DIN 17458 DIN 17459 NFA 49117 NFA 49217 NFA 49218 BS 3605 BS 3605-1 etc…  All European standards have their own national designation (example NF EN 10216-5 DIN EN 10216-5 BS EN XXXXX UNI EN XXXXX ..) German-Standards Stainless steels DIN 17456 Seamless circular austenitic stainless steel tubes for general service DIN 28180 Seamless steel tubes for heat exchangers SEW 400 Stainless steels SEW 470 Heat resisting steels AD 2000-W2 Materials for pressure vessels – austenitic stainless steels Nickel and nickel alloys DIN 17740 Nickel for semi-finished products DIN 17742 Nickel-chromium alloys DIN 17743 Nickel-copper alloys DIN 17744 Nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloys DIN 17745 Nickel-copper alloys with iron DIN 17751 Nickel and nickel alloy tubes – special properties DIN 59755 Nickel and nickel alloy tubes – dimensions BS-Standards Stainless and high-strength high-temperature steels BS 3059 Steel boiler and superheater tubes BS 3606 Steel tubes for heat exchangers Nickel and nickel alloys Table BS Nickel and nickel alloys BS 3074 Nickel and nickel alloys: Seamless tubes JIS-Standards JIS G 3459 Stainless steel pipes JIS G 3463 Stainless steel boiler and heat exchanger tubes

Chemical Composition List For General Stainless Steel Grade: Designation Chemical composition % by mass max unless stated UNS No SAE No AISI No / Common Name C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Others S30100 30301 301 0.15 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0/18.0 – 6.00/8.00 N 0.10 S30103 – 301L 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0/18.0 – 6.00/8.00 N 0.20 S30153 – 301LN 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0/18.0 – 6.00/8.00 N 0.07/0.20 S30200 30302 302 0.15 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0/19.0 – 8.00/10.0 – S30215 30302B 302B 0.15 2.00/3.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0/19.0 – 8.00/10.0 – S30300 30303 303 0.15 1.00 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 17.0/19.0 0.60 8.00/10.0 Zr 0.60 S30310 – XM-5 (303Plus x) 0.15 1.00 2.50/4.50 0.20 0.25 min 17.00/19.00 – 7.00/9.00 – S30323 30303Se 303Se 0.15 1.00 2.00 0.20 0.060 17.0/19.0 – 8.00/10.0 Se 0.15 min S30330 – 303Cu 0.15 1.00 2.00 0.15 0.10 min 17.00/19.00 – 6.00/10.00 Cu 2.5/4.00; Se 0.10 S30400 30304 304 0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 – 8.00/10.5 – S30403 30304L 304L 0.03 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 – 8.00/12.0 – S30430 – 302HQ 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0/19.0 – 8.0/10.0 Cu 3.0/4.0 S30452 – XM-21 (304HN) 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 – 8.00/10.00 N 0.16/0.30 S30453 – 304LN 0.030 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 – 8.00/12.0 N 0.10/0.16 S30454 – – 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 – 8.0/11.0 N 0.16/0.30 S30500 30305 305 0.12 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0/19.0 – 10.5/13.0 – S30800 30308 308 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 19.0/21.0 – 10.0/12.0 – S31600 30316 316 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0/18.0 2.00/3.00 10.0/14.0 – S31603 30316L 316L 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0/18.0 2.00/3.00 10.0/14.0 – S31635 – 316Ti 0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0/18.0 2.00/3.00 10.0/14.0 Ti 5x (C+N) / 0.70 S31640 – 316Cb 0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0/18.0 2.00/3.00 10.0/14.0 Nb 10x C / 1.10 S31653 – 316LN 0.03 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0/18.0 2.00/3.00 10.0/14.0 N 0.10/0.16 S31700 30317 317 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 3.00/4.00 11.0/15.0 – S31703 – 317L 0.030 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 3.00/4.00 11.0/15.0 N 0.10 S31725 – 317LM 0.030 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 4.0/5.0 13.5/17.5 N 0.20 S31726 – 317LMN 0.030 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0/20.0 4.0/5.0 13.5/17.5 N 0.10/0.20 S31753 – 317LN 0.030 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 18.0/20.0 3.0/4.0 11.0/15.0 N 0.10/0.20 S32100 30321 321 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0/19.0 – 9.00/12.0 5 Ti 5 x C min S34700 30347 347 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0/19.0 – 9.00/13.0 Nb+Ta 10 x C min S34720 – 347F 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.18/0.35 17.00/19.00 0.75 9.00/12.00 Nb 10xC / 1.10; Cu 0.75; Ta 0.05 S34723 – 347FSe 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.11/0.17 0.030 17.00/19.00 0.75 9.00/12.00 Nb 10xC / 1.10; Cu 0.75; Se 0.15/0.35; Ta 0.05 S34800 30348 348 0.08 0.75 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0/19.0 – 9.00/13.0 Nb+Ta 10 x C / 1.00; Ta:0.10 max; Co 0.20 S38400 30384 384 0.08 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 15.0/17.0 – 17.0/19.0 –

Chemical Composition List For Special Austenitic Grades Designation Chemical composition % by mass max unless stated UNS No SAE No AISI No / Common Name C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Others N08020 – 20Cb-3 0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.035 19.0/21.0 2.00/3.00 32.0/38.0 Cu 3.0/4.0; Nb 8xC / 1.00 N08024 – 20Mo-4 0.03 0.50 1.00 0.035 0.035 22.50/25.00 3.50/5.00 35.00/40.00 Cu 0.50/1.50; Nb+Ta 0.15/0.35 N08026 – 20Mo6 0.03 0.50 1.00 0.03 0.03 22.00/26.00 5.00/6.70 33.0/37.20 Cu 2.00/4.00; N 0.10/0.16 N08028 – Sanicro28 0.030 1.0 2.50 0.030 0.030 26.0/28.0 3.0/4.0 30.0/34.0 Cu 0.6/1.4 N08366 – AL-6X 0.035 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 20.00/22.00 6.00/7.00 23.50/25.50 – N08367 – AL-6XN 0.030 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 20.0/22.0 6.0/7.0 23.5/25.5 Cu 0.75; N 0.18/0.25 N08700 – JS700 0.04 1.00 2.00 0.040 0.030 19.0/23.0 4.3/5.0 24.0/26.0 Cu 0.50; Nb 8xC / 0.40 N08904 – 904L 0.020 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.035 19.0/23.0 4.0/5.0 23.0/28.0 Cu 1.0/2.0 N08925 – 1925hMo 0.020 0.50 1.0 0.045 0.030 19.0/21.0 6.0/7.0 24.0/26.0 Cu 0.8/1.5; N 0.1/0.2 N08926 – – 0.020 1.50 2.00 0.030 0.010 19.0/21.0 6.0/7.0 24.0/26.0 Cu 0.5/1.5; N 0.15/0.25 S30600 – Cronifer 1815 LCSi 0.018 3.7/4.3 2.00 0.020 0.020 17.0/18.5 0.20 14.0/15.5 Cu 0.50 S30601 – – 0.015 5.0/5.6 0.50/0.80 0.030 0.013 17.0/18.0 0.20 17.0/18.0 Cu 0.05; N 0.35 S31050 – 310MoLN 0.020 0.50 2.00 0.030 0.010 24.0/26.0 1.60/2.60 0.09/0.15 N 0.09/0.15 S31254 – 254SMO 0.020 0.80 1.00 0.030 0.010 19.5/20.5 6.0/6.5 17.5/18.5 Cu 0.50/1.00; N 0.18/0.22 S31266 – – 0.030 1.00 2.0/4.0 0.035 0.020 23.0/25.0 5.2/6.2 21.0/24.0 Cu 1.00/2.50; N 0.35/0.60; W 1.50/2.50 S31277 – – 0.020 0.50 3.00 0.030 0.010 20.5/23.0 6.5/8.0 26.0/28.0 Cu 0.5/1.50; N 0.30/0.40 S32050 – – 0.030 1.00 1.50 0.035 0.020 22.0/24.0 6.0/6.8 20.0/23.0 Cu 0.40 S32615 – – 0.07 4.8/6.0 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.5/19.5 0.30/1.50 19.0/22.0 Cu 1.50/2.50 S32654 – 654SMO 0.020 0.50 2.0/4.0 0.030 0.005 24.0/25.0 7.0/8.0 21.0/23.0 Cu 0.30/0.60; N 0.45/0.55 S34565 – Nirosta 4565S 0.030 1.00 5.0/7.0 0.030 0.010 23.0/25.0 4.0/5.0 16.0/18.0 N 0.40/0.60; Nb 10x C / 1.00 S35135 – – 0.08 0.60/1.00 1.00 0.045 0.015 20.0/25.0 4.0/4.8 30./38.0 Ti 0.40/1.00 S38100 – XM-15 (18-18-2) 0.08 1.50/2.50 2.00 0.030 0.030 17.0/19.0 – 17.5/18.5 – S38815 – – 0.030 5.5/6.5 2.00 0.040 0.020 13.0/15.0 0.75/1.50 13.0/17.0 Cu 0.75/1.50; Al 0.30

Metal flanges are common in numerous applications, but under certain circumstances, some types of metal flanges are better than others. A flange assembly may utilize different materials due to the properties they possess. Among the many types of flanges, the stainless steel flange is a relatively popular choice due to its particular properties. Some types of flanges, such as those made of carbon steel, are susceptible to corrosion, commonly known as rust. The stainless steel flange is highly resistant to rust, and can thus outlast a carbon steel flange indefinitely. While the stainless steel flange is only one of the types of metal flanges available, it is typically the most popular. Flange sizes, as well as the types of metal used in their construction, vary depending on their application. Generally chosen for their essential and valuable properties, stainless steel flanges are easily incorporated into nearly any flange system. Primary reasons for choosing stainless steel flanges over other types of metal flanges include corrosion resistance and strength. Some metals are softer than others. For example, aluminum is softer than steel. Under heavy stress, an aluminum flange may fail, whereas a stainless steel flange will not. That type of reliability makes the stainless steel flange a common choice in industrial applications. Although a stainless steel flange may cost more than other types of metal flanges, the reliability is generally worth the extra investment. These flanges should be available in a variety of sizes for a wide range of applications. In the United States, the standard sizes are specified by either the American Society of Engineers (ASME) or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Since the majority of metal flanges fall under ANSI or ASME regulations, it should be easy to replace a different type of flange with a stainless steel flange if needed. Regardless of the material used, certain characteristics are common to most available flanges. In many ways, using a stainless steel flange is the same as using any other metal flange or flange system. The process of repairing a broken stainless steel flange is basically the same as any other metal flange. Differences exist in the types of metal flanges one may employ in work applications. ASME flanges are designed to meet certain standards, while ANSI flanges maintain other standards. These standards are designed to ensure not only that one flange is consistent with the next, but also that they will withstand certain applications.