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  • What are the general requirements of pipe fittings in petrochemical industry

    What are the general requirements of pipe fittings in petrochemical industry (1) the valve and other static sealing joints should be installed in the vicinity of the satinless steel pipe support point; (2) in addition to the special requirements of the process, the tower, reactor, vertical vessels and other equipment in the skirt of the pipe shall not be arranged on the flange and threaded joints; (3) machine pump lubricating oil system of satinless steel pipe, conveying solid deposition and slagging medium satinless steel pipeline shall be pided into sections and is provided with flanges. satinless steel pipe elbow not lubricating oil pump system each section of the satinless steel pipeline on more than 2; (4) the end of the lubricating oil system of the machine pump lubricating oil system; (5) the different diameter satinless steel pipes on both sides of the regulating valve should be close to the control valve; (6) with different diameter flange connection, the transmission medium to large caliber caliber should be brought to. (7) elbow should be selected curvature radius equal to 1.5 times the nominal diameter of the long radius elbow; gas transportation of solid and liquid solid two phase flow material of satinless steel pipe shall be used in the large curvature radius of elbow; (8) province corridor level adjustable satinless steel pipe connection, if no special requirements, should use the end flat eccentric different diameter satinless steel pipe, vertical satinless steel pipe should be selected concentric different diametersatinless steel pipe; (9) for the centrifugal pump suction level, when the entrance satinless steel pipe diameter, should be set in eccentric different diameter satinless steel pipe near the pump at the entrance. When the satinless steel pipeline from the down to the upward progress of the pump, should be used to install flat, when the satinless steel pipe from the pump down into the pump, it is appropriate to use the bottom flat; (10) flange should not be directly connected with the elbow without straight satinless steel pipe;

  • Production process of flanges

    Production process of flanges Raw Materials: Beginning with this process, the system controls the quality of all incoming materials as per the raw material test certificate of the material. Checking in each size for chemical and physical properties of these materials at Government approved laboratory. Processing System: At the raw material stage, the same is checked visually for any kind of surface defects such as cracks, seams, overlapping, pitting, as well as dimensionally. A chemical & physical test is carried out before selecting the Raw material. After acceptance of raw material, a control number is issued and this is punched/marked on the whole of the Raw material is to use. In manufacturing of flanges. At the time of cutting, The control number is transferred on each cut pieces and the same is transferred after every operation of forging or forming in the case of Invisibility of the same. After each forging or Forming process, the material is checked visually for surface crack. Heat treatment is carried out after final forging or forming as required by the code. After final forging or heat treatment, a batch number is assigned to a lot and this batch number is stamped on each flanges. and on the temperature chart which is automatically generated by temperature recorder coupled with the heating furnace. Time of final forging/forming & date is also mentioned on the chart. Machining: After final forging/forming and Heat treatment process, all the flanges. are sent for machining i.e. and preparation, O/D and I/D matching as per dimensional codes. An Expert Q.C. engineer is involved and he keeps a constant vigil on every machining operation. Step machining is carried out as required by the codes. GO and NO-GO gauges are used to check the O/D & I/D of the fittings, Flanges, Etc. Testing: The tensile test is done on a sample taken from mother Raw material or from the lots of flanges. in accordance with codes as required by the purchaser on a universal testing machine which is calibrated & approved by the authorized inspection agencies. Hardness testing is done on At least 10% of each lot & results are recorded in the separate register. 100% X-Ray examination is carried out on all flanges. Finishing: All Steel flanges, are pickled and passivated by pickling all the scale is removed which is formed during forging/ Forming operations. After pickling, Grinding operation is done to remove the die mark and inside / outside burrs formed during forming & machining operation. Dimensional check is carried out finally & recorded. Marking: After the final dimensional check each fitting is stamped /marked for size, schedule, Fittings specification, Heat mark & batch number. The Packing Works for Steel Flanges: All steel flanges must be packed with seaworthy packing method then delivery to customers, usually the packing way include wooden box, wooden pallet, iron & steel cage, iron & steel pallet etc. Because of the normal wooden boxes or wooden pallets have to do fumigation treatment, we usually use plywood pallet or plywood case or box to pack steel flanges without fumigation treatment. Whatever plywood or iron & steel packing way, they must be seaworthy, strong, waterproof and easy for loading and unloading. Shipping mark stick to outside of package. Dispatch: The final process of dispatch is the most tedious of all, and heavy duty cranes are used for it. With the help of our extensive delivery chain we can ensure time critical deliveries at the behest of our esteemed clients. We are indeed privileged to be able to serve and live upto their expectations and occupy unparalleled postion of Flange makers in China.

  • Forging process of flanges

    Forging process of flanges Forging process of flanges generally consists of the following steps, which selects the high quality billet baiting, heating, forming, cooling after forging. Process for forging a free forging, forging and caul forging. Production, according to the quality of forgings size, the number of choices production batch of different forging method. Free forging low productivity, machining allowance, but simple tools, versatility, therefore is widely used for forging shape simple one-piece, small batch production of forgings. Free forging equipment of air hammer, steam air hammer and hydraulic machine, respectively, suitable for small, middle and large forging production. Forging of high productivity, simple operation, easy to realize mechanization and automation. High precision die forging, machining allowance is small, fibrous tissue distribution of forgings is more reasonable, can further improve the service life of parts. Free forging of flanges The basic process is: free forging, the forging shape through some basic deformation process will gradually forged into a blank. The basic process of forging is upsetting, stretching, punching, bending and cutting etc.. Upsetting is the original blank upsetting forging operation process along the axial direction, so that its height, cross section decrease increase. The process is commonly used in the forging of gear blanks and other disk forgings. Upsetting is pided into all the upsetting and local upsetting two. Pull long stretching is the blank length increases, the forging process of reduced cross section, usually used in the production of shaft blank, such as the spindle of the lathe, the connecting rod etc.. Forging process with a punching punch out through holes or blind holes in the blank. Bending forging process and the blank is bent into a certain angle or shape. Twist forging processes a portion of the stock relative to another part of the rotary angle. Forging blank or excision segmentation cutting head. Die forging of flanges Known as the model of die forging forging, the blank is heated placed in fixed on the forging equipment in the forging die forging. The basic process of die forging process of 1 forging: material feeding, heating, pre forging, finish forging, punching, trimming, quenching and tempering, shot peening. Common process are upsetting, stretching, bending, punching, forming. The common forging equipment common forging equipment die forging hammer, hot die forging press, horizontal forging machine and friction press etc.. Generally speaking, forged flange quality better, generally through the forging production, crystal fine microstructure, high strength, of course, prices are also expensive. Both the casting or forging flange belong to the common manufacturing method, ask to see the need to use the strength of components, if the request is not high, you can also use turning flange. Cut flanges Direct cutting flanges stay inside and outside diameter and thickness have processing amount of the disc in the plate, processing then bolt hole and a waterline. Flange so produced is called cut flange, flange to such maximum diameter plate width limit. Rolling flanges In plate cutting sliver and then rolled into round process called rolling, used for some large flange production. Coiling success after welding, and then pressure, processing technology and then water and bolt hole.

  • Comparison of forged flange and cast flange

    Comparison of forged flange and cast flange Forged flange in general than the cast flange of low carbon is not easy to rust, forging streamline organization good, more dense, mechanical performance is better than casting flange; forging process will also appear improper grain big or not, the hardening crack phenomenon, the cost is higher than the casting flange forging. Forged flanges has the better mechanical properties than cast flange. cast flange has the advantages that could have more complex shape, low cost. The advantages and disadvantages of the two production processes: (1) The flanges after casting process have precise dimension, small processing volume and low cost, but have defects, like pores, cracks and impurities and relatively poor streamlined structure. (2) Forged flanges are easier to get rusty but have better compact and streamlined structure and mechanical properties than cast flanges. (3) Improper forging process will result in large or inhomogeneous grains, hardened cracks and higher forging cost than casting process. (4) Forgings have better shearing and tensile resistance than castings. (5) Castings are more easily produced in various complicated forms with relatively low cost. (6) Forgings have the advantage of being homogeneous in internal structure without unfavorable defects like pores and impurities.

  • Production process of butt weld fittings

    Production process of butt weld fittings Production process of butt weld fittings includes a series of steps like Annealing, Straightening, Pickiling & Passivation and Polishing. These bult weld fittings are produced using latest technology, ensuring excellent strength and long service life. The process needs a lesser amount of heat treatments to ensure better physical properties. The series of steps involved in the manufacturing Process of But weld Fittings are given in a detailed view below: Annealing: Annealing is also known as heat treatment, which plays an active role in the production. In this step, the tubes are carried out in fully automated and conveyor to heat them at certain temperature. Once the tubes get heated, they immediately quench in water. Straightening: The tubes are straightened with the help of straightening machine to provide a high degree of straightness in this step. Pickling: The process of Pickling refers to the removal of high temperature scale and adjacent low chromium layer of metal from the surface of stainless steel. Passivation: Passivation is the process of treating the surface of stainless steels in order to eliminate the contaminants from the metal. The process also helps in promoting the formation of a continuous passive film on a freshly created surface. Polishing: The final step, is named as Polishing that reflects the wonderful quality, high aesthetic & hygienic value and high durability of bult weld fittings. Polishing is a essential step to gain excellent features for meeting the varied demands of clients.

  • Manufacturing processes of steel pipe

    Manufacturing processes of steel pipe Steel pipe is long, hollow tube that is used for a variety of purposes. They are produced by two distinct methods which result in either a welded or seamless pipe. Design: There are two types of steel pipe, one is seamless and another has a single welded seam along its length. Both have different uses. Seamless tubes are typically more light weight, and have thinner walls. They are used for bicycles and transporting liquids. Seamed tubes are heavier and more rigid. The have a better consistency and are typically straighter. They are used for things such as gas transportation, electrical conduit and plumbing. Typically, they are used in instances when the pipe is not put under a high degree of stress. Certain pipe characteristics can be controlled during production. For example, the diameter of the pipe is often modified depending how it will be used. The diameter can range from tiny pipes used to make hypodermic needles, to large pipes used to transport gas throughout a city. The wall thickness of the pipe can also be controlled. Often the type of steel will also have an impact on pipe’s the strength and flexibility. Other controllable characteristics include length, coating material, and end finish. Raw Materials: The primary raw material in pipe production is steel. Steel is made up of primarily iron. Other metals that may be present in the alloy include aluminum, manganese, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and zirconium. Some finishing materials are sometimes used during production. For example, paint may be Seamless pipe is manufactured using a process that heats and molds a solid billet into a cylindrical shape and then rolls it until it is stretched and hollowed. Since the hollowed center is irregularly shaped, a bullet-shaped piercer point is pushed through the middle of the billet as it is being rolled. Seamless pipe is manufactured using a process that heats and molds a solid billet into a cylindrical shape and then rolls it until it is stretched and hollowed. Since the hollowed center is irregularly shaped, a bullet-shaped piercer point is pushed through the middle of the billet as it is being rolled. used if the pipe is coated. Typically, a light amount of oil is applied to steel pipes at the end of the production line. This helps protect the pipe. While it is not actually a part of the finished product, sulfuric acid is used in one manufacturing step to clean the pipe. Seamless pipe manufacturing process: seamless pipe manufacturing process involves the following steps: 1. Transformation of raw materials into steel bars (Electric arc furnace, ladle furnace, vacuum degassing and continuous casting processes) 2. Transformation of steel bars into mother pipe, which is manufactured in different types of rolling mills Each product is manufactured in accordance with customer specifications, including heat treatment for more demanding applications. Seamless pipes are threaded and undergo non-destructive testing before delivery to the customer. Welded wipe manufacturing process: Welded wipe manufacturing process involves three types of welding processes: 1. Electric Resistance Welding: During ERW, a high frequency electrical current is transmitted to the material by means of copper sliding contacts so that the abutting edges initiate fusion as they come into contact. 2. Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding: In LSAW, the butt joint of the pipe is welded in at least two phases, one of which is on the inside of the pipe. The welds are made by heating with an electrode arc between the bare metal electrodes. Pressure is not used. Filler metal for the welds is obtained from the electrodes. 3. Spiral Submerged Arc Welding: Spiral SAW allows large diameter pipes to be produced from narrower plates or skelps. During this process, the weld pool is protected against oxidation by a flux produced from the electrode fed separately onto the weld. Quality Control: A variety of measures are taken to ensure that the finished steel pipe meets specifications. For example, x-ray gauges are used to regulate the thickness of the steel. The gauges work by utilizing two x rays. One ray is directed at a steel of known thickness. The other is directed at the passing steel on the production line. If there is any variance between the two rays, the gauge will automatically trigger a resizing of the rollers to compensate. Steel pipes are also inspected for defects at the end of the process. One method of testing a pipe is by using a special machine. This machine fills the pipe with water and then increases the pressure to see if it holds. Defective pipes are returned for scrap.

  • Stainless steel flange stud tip section creep variable

    With neck butt welding of stainless steel flange connection within the flange surface temperature of 573 k load. Stainless steel flange and stainless steel pipe outside surface without applying thermal insulation layer, considering the air layer between the flange and bolt hole air layer, fluctuation on the surface of the stainless steel flange surface heat transfer effect the temperature distribution of the system. External surface of the stainless steel flange, bolt and nut and air contact parts, applying equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient, air layer and the upper and lower flange bolt hole air layer between the exert their equivalent coefficient of thermal conductivity. Along the gasket by radial temperature gradually reduce outside introversion, temperature difference between inside and outside about 16 k. On both ends of the bolt temperature from the intermediate section to reduce gradually, and along the outer diameter of flange cover to gradually reduce from the inside-out. Nut and flange interface in the highest temperature, this is because the temperature of the bolt and nut first is passed by the flanges here, in addition, flange material coefficient of thermal conductivity is bigger than bolt hole equivalent coefficient of thermal conductivity of air layer. Gasket stress along the radial distribution of the comparison operation conditions, the gasket seal pressure should not be below mP = 9 for gasket coefficient, take 3; P for the internal pressure, take 3 MPa). After gasket stress is more than 9 mpa, will not leak. But because the gasket will occur under high temperature creep, compression is more and more big, the amount of springback ability worse and worse. When creep variable is small, but if the gasket stress is greater than the mP, gaskets should not leak, the hydraulic flange without hot tight; But when the worm variables is larger, the gasket stress may be less than mP, gasket leakage will happen at this time, need to consider the hot tight. Operating conditions of bolt stress distribution along the length direction of the inner stress distribution, stress distribution along the length direction plate flange lateral. In length to 0, and 100 mm respectively stud two points, the inside of the cross section at the top and bottom section length of 0 and 100 mm respectively stud section at the top and bottom section of the lateral of the two points. Blind flange on the maximum stress occurs in the nut and the upper and lower flange near the contact position, less stress on both ends. Contrast is bolt due to bending moments, the inner tension and the lateral pressure, the pre-tightening force and bending moment under the joint action of the medial tensile stress is larger, the lateral smaller. After add internal pressure butt welding flange bolt stress distribution in whole with a preloaded consistent, but the stress increase. Flat welding flange on both ends of the stress increased obviously after heating, other position slightly increased.

  • How to easily find the welding defects in the welded steel pipe

    Spiral welded steel pipe is a kind of welding pipe, which can be welded in the manufacturing process, and there are many defects in the welding area. This is certainly detrimental to the quality and performance of the welded tube, so if we can make it clear that the causes of these defects can be resolved in a timely manner. 1, bubbles This situation generally occurs in the weld center position, is mainly due to the presence of hydrogen bubbles form. To eliminate such defects, it is necessary to remove the impurities in the wire and weld, including rust, oil, water and moisture, such as material. Then the moisture removal, plus appropriate current increase and decrease of welding speed and slow down the melting metal solidification rate, there will be significantly improved. 2, sulfur crack This is because the sulfide in the sulfur segregation band is brought into the weld metal in the welding process, which produces a number of cracks. In order to prevent this, as long as the use of sulfur segregation with a small semi killed or killed steel can be, but do not forget the weld surface and flux cleaning and drying is also very necessary. 3, thermal crack To eliminate the crack is relatively simple, as long as the arc and the arc extinguishing installation of a pad, also in volume of at the end of the weld, the spiral welded steel pipe is reversed and the welding stitch welding. And this crack in the welding seam stress is very large, it is particularly easy to appear, so be sure to control the stress of the welding seam. Easily identify the defects in the weld zone, we can promptly put the crisis to kill, to ensure that our spiral welded steel pipe is not defective.

  • Stainless Steel 90º Elbow

    Stainless Steel 90º Elbow A stainless steel 90º elbow is a pipe fitting which you can used to change the flow direction in a stainless steel 90º elbow . It is also called “90 bend” or “quarter bend”. As a joint between two pipes, the stainless steel 90º elbows are also used as a railing ends or corners on a level installation. For the butt welding steel elbow, it is made from a piece of seamless pipe commonly. Bending the two ends of pipe to a angle of Stainless Steel 90 degree, it is a Stainless Steel 90º seamless elbow. there also some 90º elbows are made from the ERW pipes or the steel plates, then they are welded elbow. The Stainless Steel 90º elbows are manufactured as SR (Short Radius) elbows and LR (Long Radius) elbows or other radius elbows. Standard: ASME/ANSI B16.28,B16.9, MSS-SP-75, DIN 2605, EN 10253-2 , JIS B2311,GOST 17375,ISO3419 Material: ASTM A234,ASTM A860, ASTM 403,DIN 17175, EN10228 …Carbon steel, stainless steel , alloy steel. Size: 1/2″-96″. DN15-DN2400 Connect method: Butt welding. Type: Seamless: DN15-DN900, Welded: DN100-DN1800Product name : stainless steel 90º elbowDetails : Nominal Diameter Outside Diameter  at Bevel Center to End Center to Center Back to Face 45° Elbow 90° Elbow 180° Elbow B A O K DN NPS Series A Series B Long  Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius 151/2 21.3 18 16 38 – 76 – 48 – 203/4 26.9 25 19 38 – 76 – 51 – 251 33.7 3222 38 25 76 51 56 41 321.1/4 42.4 38 25 48 32 95 64 70 52 401.1/2 48.3 45 29 57 38 114 76 83 62 502 60.3 57 35 76 51 152 102 106 81 652.1/2 76.1(73) 76 44 95 64 190 127 132 100 803 88.9 89 51 114 76 229 152 159 121 903.1/2 101.6 – 57 133 89 267 178 184 140 1004 114.3 108 64 152 102 305 203 210 159 1255 139.7 133 79 190 127 381 254 262 197 1506 168.3 159 95 229 152 457 305 313 237 2008 219.1 219 127 305 203 610 406 414 313 25010 273.0 273 159 381 254 762 508 518 391 30012 323.9 325 190 457 305 914 610 619 467 35014 355.6 377 222 533 356 1067 711 711 533 40016 406.4 426 254 610 406 1219 813 813 610 45018 457.2 478 286 686 457 1372 914 914 686 50020 508.0 529 318 762 508 1524 1016 1016 762 55022 559 – 343 838 559167611181118838 60024 610 630 381 914 610182912191219914 65026 660 – 406 991 66019821320–– 70028 711 720 438 1067 71121341422–– 75030 762 – 470 1143 76222861524–– 80032 813 820 502 1219 81324381626–– 85034 864 – 533 1295 86425901728–– 90036 914 920 565 1372 91427441828–– 95038 965 – 600 1448 96528961930–– 100040 1016 1020 632 1524 101630482032–– 105042 1067 – 660 1600 106732002134–– 110044 1118 1120 695 1676 111833522236–– 115046 1168 – 727 1753 116835062336–– 120048 1220 1220 759 1829 121936582440––

  • Stainless Steel 45° Elbow

    Stainless Steel 45° Elbow The function of a stainless steel 45° elbow is the same as a stainless steel 90° elbow, but the measurement of dimensions is different to that of the stainless steel 90° elbow. The radius of a stainless steel 45° elbow is the same as the radius of the stainless steel 90° LR (1½D). However, the center to face dimension is not equivalent to the radius as in stainless steel 90° LR elbows. This is measured from each face to the point of intersection of the center lines perpendicular to each other, distances B on the image. This is due to the smaller degree of bend. Short radius stainless steel 45° elbows are not available.Product name: stainless steel 45º elbowDetails: Nominal Diameter Outside Diameter  at Bevel Center to End Center to Center Back to Face 45° Elbow 90° Elbow 180° Elbow B A O K DN NPS Series A Series B Long  Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius 151/2 21.3 18 16 38 – 76 – 48 – 203/4 26.9 25 19 38 – 76 – 51 – 251 33.7 3222 38 25 76 51 56 41 321.1/4 42.4 38 25 48 32 95 64 70 52 401.1/2 48.3 45 29 57 38 114 76 83 62 502 60.3 57 35 76 51 152 102 106 81 652.1/2 76.1(73) 76 44 95 64 190 127 132 100 803 88.9 89 51 114 76 229 152 159 121 903.1/2 101.6 – 57 133 89 267 178 184 140 1004 114.3 108 64 152 102 305 203 210 159 1255 139.7 133 79 190 127 381 254 262 197 1506 168.3 159 95 229 152 457 305 313 237 2008 219.1 219 127 305 203 610 406 414 313 25010 273.0 273 159 381 254 762 508 518 391 30012 323.9 325 190 457 305 914 610 619 467 35014 355.6 377 222 533 356 1067 711 711 533 40016 406.4 426 254 610 406 1219 813 813 610 45018 457.2 478 286 686 457 1372 914 914 686 50020 508.0 529 318 762 508 1524 1016 1016 762 55022 559 – 343 838 559167611181118838 60024 610 630 381 914 610182912191219914 65026 660 – 406 991 66019821320–– 70028 711 720 438 1067 71121341422–– 75030 762 – 470 1143 76222861524–– 80032 813 820 502 1219 81324381626–– 85034 864 – 533 1295 86425901728–– 90036 914 920 565 1372 91427441828–– 95038 965 – 600 1448 96528961930–– 100040 1016 1020 632 1524 101630482032–– 105042 1067 – 660 1600 106732002134–– 110044 1118 1120 695 1676 111833522236–– 115046 1168 – 727 1753 116835062336–– 120048 1220 1220 759 1829 121936582440––

  • How to process the inner thread of the stainless steel pipe fittings

    Whether it is stainless steel welded pipe fittings or stainless steel seamless pipe fittings have internal thread, this kind of internal thread is how to process? In fact, the method is relatively simple, tap tapping can be done. Although the process is not complicated, but there are still a lot of places to pay attention to. Stainless steel pipe material has high viscosity, off chip characteristics, so in the tapping process will inevitably appear chip scraping injury thread of the work piece or the tap blade and other undesirable phenomena collapse, thus the machining efficiency and thread quality will be affected. So from design to manufacture, have to careful careful operation. The first step is to choose the high quality tap material, such as in order to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness tap, you can in ordinary high-speed tool steel special alloy elements added, or can be in thread surface is coated with titanium nitride coating, such performance will be improved. In the process, you can increase the tap before the angle and shovel back. But also pay attention to, if too large, in the back of the knife when it is easy to cause some bad phenomenon. For example, tap tap thread edge collapse more edges, tap into after cutting angle and thread finish. And we in tapping on the stainless steel pipe fittings, tapping processing volume as small as the principle, which can effectively avoid the emergence of some adverse consequences. But before the start of the best customized reamer, ensure the grinding thread grinding angle, and the edge of the anterior horn taps straight face. If you can be very good to comply with the above requirements, the processing of stainless steel pipe fittings will be more ideal, can meet the needs of consumers.

  • Stainless Steel 180º Elbow

    Stainless Steel 180º Elbow stainless steel 180º elbow is like 45º or 90º elbow, but the flow direction change is 180 degree. It looks like the flow fluid get back to the same direction from the joint. The shape is like two 90º elbows welded together. It is also called “U bend” or “return bend”. The 180º elbow could be the long radius or short radius , both are used a lot in the industry application . Standard: ASME/ANSI B16.28,B16.9, MSS-SP-75, DIN 2605, EN 10253-2 , JIS B2311,GOST 17375,ISO3419 Material: ASTM A234,ASTM A860, ASTM 403,DIN 17175, EN10228 …Carbon steel, stainless steel , alloy steel. Size: 1/2″-96″. DN15-DN2400 Connect method: Butt welding. Type: Seamless: DN15-DN900, Welded: DN100-DN1800 Product name: stainless steel 180º elbowDetails : Nominal Diameter Outside Diameter  at Bevel Center to End Center to Center Back to Face 45° Elbow 90° Elbow 180° Elbow B A O K DN NPS Series A Series B Long  Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius Long  Radius Short   Radius 151/2 21.3 18 16 38 – 76 – 48 – 203/4 26.9 25 19 38 – 76 – 51 – 251 33.7 3222 38 25 76 51 56 41 321.1/4 42.4 38 25 48 32 95 64 70 52 401.1/2 48.3 45 29 57 38 114 76 83 62 502 60.3 57 35 76 51 152 102 106 81 652.1/2 76.1(73) 76 44 95 64 190 127 132 100 803 88.9 89 51 114 76 229 152 159 121 903.1/2 101.6 – 57 133 89 267 178 184 140 1004 114.3 108 64 152 102 305 203 210 159 1255 139.7 133 79 190 127 381 254 262 197 1506 168.3 159 95 229 152 457 305 313 237 2008 219.1 219 127 305 203 610 406 414 313 25010 273.0 273 159 381 254 762 508 518 391 30012 323.9 325 190 457 305 914 610 619 467 35014 355.6 377 222 533 356 1067 711 711 533 40016 406.4 426 254 610 406 1219 813 813 610 45018 457.2 478 286 686 457 1372 914 914 686 50020 508.0 529 318 762 508 1524 1016 1016 762 55022 559 – 343 838 559167611181118838 60024 610 630 381 914 610182912191219914 65026 660 – 406 991 66019821320–– 70028 711 720 438 1067 71121341422–– 75030 762 – 470 1143 76222861524–– 80032 813 820 502 1219 81324381626–– 85034 864 – 533 1295 86425901728–– 90036 914 920 565 1372 91427441828–– 95038 965 – 600 1448 96528961930–– 100040 1016 1020 632 1524 101630482032–– 105042 1067 – 660 1600 106732002134–– 110044 1118 1120 695 1676 111833522236–– 115046 1168 – 727 1753 116835062336–– 120048 1220 1220 759 1829 121936582440––

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