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Stainless steel have good strength and good resistance to corrosion and oxidation at elevated temperatures. Stainless steel are used at temperatures up to 1700° F for stainless steel 304 and stainless steel 316 and up to 2000 F for the high temperature stainless steel grade 309(S) and up to 2100° F for 310(S). Stainless steel is used extensively in heat exchanger, super-heaters, boiler, feed water heaters, valves and main steam lines as well as aircraft and aerospace applications. Figure 1 gives a broad concept of the hot strength advantages of stainless steel in comparison to low carbon unalloyed steel. Table 1 shows the short term tensile strength and yield strength vs temperature. Table 2 shows the generally accepted temperatures for both intermittent and continuous service. With time and temperature, changes in metallurgical structure can be expected with any metal. In stainless steel, the changes can be softening, carbide precipitation, or embrittlement. Softening or loss of strength occurs in the 300 series (304, 316, etc.) stainless steel at about 1000° F and at about 900° F for the hardenable 400 (410<, 420, 440) series and 800° F for the non-hardenable 400 (409, 430) series (refer to Table 1). Carbide precipitation can occur in the 300 series in the temperature range 800 – 1600° F. It can be deterred by choosing a grade designed to prevent carbide precipitation i.e., 347 (Cb added) or 321 (Titanium added). If carbide precipitation does occur, it can be removed by heating above 1900° and cooling quickly. Hardenable 400 series with greater than 12% chromium as well as the non-hardenable 400 series and the duplex stainless steel are subject to embrittlement when exposed to temperature of 700 – 950° F over an extended period of time. This is sometimes call 885F embrittlement because this is the temperature at which the embrittlement is the most rapid. 885F embrittlement results in low ductility and increased hardness and tensile strength at room temperature, but retains its desirable mechanical properties at operating temperatures. Table 1 Short Term Tensile Strength vs Temperature (in the annealed condition except for 410)Temperature304 Stainless Steel & TSksi316 Stainless Steel YSksi309 Stainless Steel & TSksi309S Stainless Steel YSksi310 Stainless Steel & TSksi 310S Stainless Steel YSksi410* Stainless Steel TSksi YS ksi430 Stainless Steel TSksi YS ksiRoom Temp.844290459045110857550400°F823680388434108856538600°F773275368231102826236800°F742871347828928055351000°F702664307026747038281200°F582353275925444022161400°F342035204124——1081600°F241825202622——54 * heat treated by oil quenching from 1800° F and tempering at 1200° F Table 2 Generally Accepted Service TemperaturesMaterialIntermittent  Service TemperatureContinuous  Service TemperatureAustenitic 3041600°F (870°C)1700°F (925°C)3161600°F (870°C)1700°F (925°C)3091800°F (980°C)2000°F (1095°C)3101900°F (1035°C)2100°F (1150°C)Martensitic 4101500°F (815°C)1300°F (705°C)4201350°F (735°C)1150°F (620°C)Ferritic 4301600°F (870°C)1500°F (815°C) It may seem to be illogical that the “continuous” service temperature would be higher than the “intermittent” service temperature for the 300 series grades. The answer is that intermittent service involves “thermal cycling”, which can cause the high temperature scale formed to crack and spall. This occurs because of the difference in the coefficient of expansion between the stainless steel and the scale. As a result of this scaling and cracking, there is a greater deterioration of thesurface than will occur if the temperature is continuous. Therefore the suggested intermittent service temperatures are lower. This is not the case for the 400 series (both ferritic and martensitic grades). The reason for this is not known. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Deriving the Duplex name from the presence of both Austenite and Ferrite in similar proportions, Duplex Stainless Steels combine excellent corrosion resistance with high strength. The typical mechanical properties would be double that of a single phase austenitic grade such as 316, while, for example, offering superior stress corrosion cracking resistance in chloride solutions. Standard Duplex Stainless Steels typically have a 22% Chromium and 5% Nickel and in the 1960’s Langley Alloys developed the first 25% Chromium Duplex alloy, Ferralium 255, and coined the phrase Super Duplex. Duplex Stainless Steel is at the heart of the Langley Alloys business, with Langley Alloys being the ONLY supplier today offering its customer the complete choice on Duplex, and Super Duplex grades, with stock in the following grades: 22Cr Duplex:  UNS S31803 (F51) and UNS S32205 (F60)  Duplex 2205. Duplex 2205 Specification: • EN 10088-3 1.4462 • ASTM A182 UNS S31803 Forgings Grade F51 • ASTM A182 UNS S32205 Forgings Grade F60 • ASTM A240 UNS S31803 Sheet and Plate • ASTM A479 UNS S31803 Bar • ASTM A479 UNS S32205 Bar • ASTM A276 UNS S31803 Bar • ASTM A76 UNS S32205 Bar • Duplex 2205 Plate/Sheet • Duplex 2205 Seamless & Welded Tube • Duplex 2205 Seamless & Welded Pipe • Duplex 2205 Round Bar • Duplex 2205 Flanges F51 • Duplex 2205 Specialty Forgings • Duplex 2205 Seamless & Welded BW Fittings Trade NameUNSDuplex Stainless Steel Industry SpecificationsChemical CompositionMin.Tensile (KSI)Min.Yield  (KSI)Elongation  %2205 22CrUNS S31803ASME SA-182 (F51), SA-240, SA-798, SA-790, SA-815 ASTM A182 (F51),A240, A276, A479, A789, A790, A815, A928, A988 SAE J405C 0.30 max  Cr 21.0-23.0 Mn 2.00 max Mo 2.50-3.50 N 0.08-0.20 Ni 4.50-6.50 P 0.030 max S 0.020 max Si 1.00 max9065252205 22CrUNS S32205ASME SA-182 (F60), SA-240, SA-798, SA-790, SA-815 ASTM A182 (F60), A240, A276, A479, A480, A798, A790, A815, A928, A988 SAE J405C 0.30 max Cr 22.0-23.0 Mn 2.00 max Mo 3.00-3.50 N 0.14-0.20 Ni 4.50-6.50 P 0.030 max S 0.020 max Si 1.00 max 956525 General Duplex stainless steel information Duplex 2205 is the most widely used duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel grade. It finds applications due to both excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. The standard duplex S31803 composition has over the years been refined by many steel suppliers, and the resulting restricted composition range was endorsed as UNS S32205 in 1996. Duplex S32205 gives better guaranteed corrosion resistance, but for much of the Duplex S31803 currently produced also complies with Duplex S32205. 2205 is not generally suitable for use at temperatures above 300ºC as it suffers from precipitation of brittle micro-constituents, nor below -50ºC because of its ductile-to-brittle-transition. Duplex Applications Chemical processing, transport and storage, Oil and Gas exploration and processing equipment, Marine and other high chloride environments, Pulp and paper digesters, liquor tanks and paper machines. Duplex Corrosion Resistance Excellent general corrosion resistance; superior to Grade 316 in most environments. Excellent resistance to localized corrosion including intergranular, pitting and crevice corrosion; the CPT of Duplex 2205 is generally at least 35ºC. The grade is also resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at temperatures of up to about 150ºC. Grade Duplex 2205 will often perform well in environments which cause premature failure of austenitic grades. It has better resistance to sea water then Grade 316. Duplex Heat Resistance Although Duplex 2205 has good high temperature oxidation resistance, this grade – like other duplex stainless steels – suffers from embrittlement if held for even short times at temperatures above 300ºC. If embrittled, this can only be rectified by a full solution annealing treatment. Duplex stainless steels are almost never used above 300ºC. Duplex Heat Treatment Solution treatment (annealing) – heat to 1020ºC-1100ºC and cool rapidly. This grade cannot be hardened by thermal treatment, but does work harden. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32760 (F55 / 1.4501) has excellent corrosion resistance to a wide variety of media, with outstanding resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in seawater and other chloride containing environments, with Critical Pitting Temperature exceeding 50°C. Providing higher strength than both austenitic and 22% Cr Super Duples Stainless Steels UNS S32760 (F55) is suited to a variety of applications in industries such as Chemical Processing, Oil & Gas, and Marine environments. AlloyCommon NameRelated SpecificationsTensile StrengthProof StressElongationBritishEuropeanUnited StatesSuper Duplex Alloy S32760Zeron 1001.4501UNS S32760F55750 [109]550 [79.8]25 UNS S32760 Technical InformationSpecifications of UNS S32760 Alloy 32760 to MLA-MPS-48V-BAR/FORG EN 10088-3 1.4501 ASTM A473 UNS S32760 Forgings ASTM A182 Grade  F55 UNS S32760 Forged Flanges ASTM A240 UNS S32760 Sheet and Plate ASTM A479 UNS S32760 Bar ASTM A276 UNS S32760 Condition A NACE MR 01-75Chemical Specification of UNS S32760 ElementsCCrCuFeMoMnNNiPSSiWMinimum 24.00.5REMAINDER3.0 0.206.00 0.50Maximum0.03026.001.0 4.01.00.308.000.0300.0101.001.00 Basic Properties of UNS S32760- Mechanical Properties 0.2% Proof Stress (N/mm2 ) [ksi] minimum550 [79.8]Ultimate Tensile Strength (N/mm2) [ksi] minimum750 [108.8]]Elongation (%) minimum25Hardness (HBN)270maxReduction of Cross Section Area (%) minimum45Charpy V-notch Impact at ambient Temp (J) [ft.lb]80min [59min]Charpy V-notch Impact at -46°C (J) [ft.lb]45av, 35min [33av, 25.8min]Additional TestingASTM G48A Corrosion test at 50°CNo pitting and weight loss <0.8g/m2Ultrasonic TestingAccording to ASTM A388Ferrite Content35%-55%MicrostructureMicrostructure certified free from grain boundary carbides, sigma, chi and laves phases Physical Properties of UNS S32760 Density (Kg.m-3)7810Magnetic Permeability33Young’s Modulus (N/mm2)199 x 103Fracture Toughness, KQ  (MPa.m½)98Specific Heat, 20°C (J.Kg-1.°K-1)475Specific Electrical Resistance, 20°C (µO.m)0.80Thermal conductivity, 20°C (W.m-1.°K-1)14.2Mean coefficient of thermal expansion, 20-100°C (°K-1)11.1 x 10-6 Applications of UNS S32760 Chemical Process Industry:Nitric Acid Processes, Polypropylene Production, PVC Production, Dioxide, Caustic Evaporators, EquipmentHandling Organic and Fatty Acids Marine Industry and Shipbuilding:Propellers and Shafts, Rudders, Shaft Seals, Pumps, Bolts and Fasteners, Valves, Instrumentation, Oil and Chemical Tankers Oil and Gas Industry:Pumps, Valves, Pipe, Vessels, Wellhead Equipment, Subsea Equipment Pollution Control:Fans and pumps, Wet Scrubbers, Incinerators Pulp and Paper Industry:Black liquor heater tubes, Digester Blow Valves, Rotary Feed Valves, I.D.Fans, Brownstock Washers, Precipitators, Bleaching Components Food Industry:Sugar Cane Centrifuges, Corn and Vegetable processing plant Agrochemicals:Fertiliser Production (Wet phosphoric acid) Civil Engineering:Sewage Treatment Super Duplex Plate/Sheet Super Duplex Seamless & Welded Tube Super Duplex Seamless & Welded Pipe Super Duplex Round Bar Super Duplex Flanges F55/F53 Super Duplex Specialty Forgings Super Duplex Seamless & Welded BW Fittings This is a Duplex alloy stainless steel designed to feature high strength, resistance to pitting, stress corrosion cracking, erosion corrosion and corrosion fatigue, crevice corrosion and strong weldability. Super Duplex Corrosion Resistance The high chromium and molybdenum content of Super Duplex makes it extremely resistant to uniform corrosion by organic acids like formic and acetic acid. Super Duplex also provides excellent resistance to inorganic acids, especially those containing chlorides. The pitting Resistance equivalent of Super Duplex, calculated by PREN = Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N, will exceed 40 in most material forms. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Stainless Steel 316 is molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel. The higher nickel and molybdenum content in this grade allows it to demonstrate better overall corrosion resistant properties than 304, especially with regard to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments. In addition, Stainless Steel Alloy 316 provides excellent elevated temperature tensile, creep and stress-rupture strengths, as well as outstanding formability and weldability. Stainless Steel Alloy 316 is immune from sensitization; therefore, it is very frequently used in heavy gauge welded components. CHEMISTRY RANGE, % CSiMnNiCrMoCuNPSMin 1.2510.016.02.0 Max0.08*1.02.014.018.03.00.750.10.0400.03 *L limits Carbon to .03% maximum Corrosion Resistance Excellent in a range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive media – generally more resistant than 304. Subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above about 60°C. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 1000mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 500mg/L at 60°C. Stainless Steel Alloy 316 is usually regarded as the standard “marine grade stainless steel”, but it is not resistant to warm sea water. In many marine environments 316 does exhibit surface corrosion, usually visible as brown staining. This is particularly associated with crevices and rough surface finish. Heat Resistance Good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. Continuous use of Stainless Steel Alloy 316 in the 425-860°C range is not recommended if subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance is important. Grade 316L is more resistant to carbide precipitation and can be used in the above temperature range. Grade 316H has higher strength at elevated temperatures and is sometimes used for structural and pressure-containing applications at temperatures above about 500°C. Heat Treatment Solution Treatment (Annealing) – Heat to 1010-1120°C and cool rapidly. These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment. Welding Excellent weldability by all standard fusion methods, both with and without filler metals. AS 1554.6 pre-qualifies welding of Stainless Steel Alloy 316 with Grade 316 and 316L with Grade 316L rods or electrodes (or their high silicon equivalents). Heavy welded sections in Grade 316 require post-weld annealing for maximum corrosion resistance. This is not required for 316L. Grade 316Ti may also be used as an alternative to 316 for heavy section welding. Machining A “Ugima” improved machinability version of grade 316 is available in round and hollow bar products. This machines significantly better than standard Stainless Steel Alloy 316 or 316L, giving higher machining rates and lower tool wear in many operations. Dual Certification It is common for Stainless Steel Alloy 316 and 316L to be stocked in “Dual Certified” form – mainly in plate and pipe. These items have chemical and mechanical properties complying with both 316 and 316L specifications. Such dual certified product does not meet 316H specification and may be unacceptable for high temperature applications. Applications Typical applications include: Chemical Process Industry: Organic and Fatty Acids, Chemical containers, Chemical transport, Heat Exchangers Marine Industry and Shipbuilding: Stainless Steel 316 Pipes, Stainless Steel 316 Flanges, Stainless Steel 316 Valves, Stainless Steel 316 Pipe Fittings, Marine architechture Mining Industry: Woven screens Oil and Gas Industry: Stainless Steel 316 Pipes, Stainless Steel 316 Valves, Stainless Steel 316 Flanges, Heat Exchangers Stainless steel 316 Features Low carbon version of 316 Immune from grain boundary sensitisation Higher resistance to pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion in seawater than 304 stainless steel Excellent ductility and impact strength at both ambient and sub-zero temperatures Non-magnetic Excellent forming and welding characteristics Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

API 6A Flange Manufacturer antong supplies API 6A Flange according to API 6A, API flange in forged steel, Stainless Steel, Carbon steel etc. include type of blind, target, threaded, adapter and weld neck flanges,conform to API 6A specifications. ​ Type 6B flanges: Type 6B flanges are of the ring joint type and are not designed for face-to-face make-up. The connection make-up bolting force reacts on the metallic ring gasket. Type 6B flanges are of through bolted or studded design. Dimensions for 6B flanges blind type shall conform to Table 36, Table 37 & Table 38 with reference to figure no. 8 on pg. no. 108 of API 6A (19 th Edition, July 2004) as applicable. Type 6BX flanges: Type 6BX flanges are of the ring joint type and designed with a raised face. Depending on the tolerances, the connection make-up bolting force may react on the raised face of the flange when the gasket has been properly seated. This support prevents damage to the flange or gasket from excessive bolt torque. Therefore, one of the flanges in 6 BX connection shall have a raised face. Type 6BX flanges are of through bolted or studded design. Face-to-face contact is not necessary for the proper functioning of the 6BX flange. Dimensions for 6BX flanges blind type shall conform to Table 46 of API 6A (19 th Edition, July 2004) as applicable. Specification of API Flange, API 6A Flange 1-13/16″ 10,000 7-3/8″ 8 3/4″ 5-1/4″ BX-151 1-13/16″ 15,000 8-3/16″ 8 7/8″ 6″ BX-151 1-13/16″ 20,000 10-1/8″ 8 1″ 7-3/4″ BX-151 2-1/16″ 2,000 6-1/2″ 8 5/8″ 5/8″ R-23 2-1/16″ 3,000/5,000 8-1/2″ 8 7/8″ 7/8″ R-24 2-1/16″ 10,000 7-7/8″ 8 3/4″ 3/4″ BX-152 2-1/16″ 15,000 8-3/4″ 8 7/8″ 7/8″ BX-152 2-1/16″ 20,000 11-5/16″ 8 1-1/8″ 1-1/8″ BX-152 2-9/16″ 2,000 7-1/2″ 8 3/4″ 5-1/4″ R-26 2-9/16″ 3,000/5,000 9-5/8″ 8 1″ 7″ R-27 2-9/16″ 10,000 9-1/8″ 8 7/8″ 6-1/4″ BX-153 2-9/16″ 15,000 10″ 8 1″ 7″ BX-153 2-9/16″ 20,000 12-13/16″ 8 1-1/4″ 9-1/2″ BX-153 3-1/8″ 2,000 8-1/4″ 8 3/4″ 5-1/2″ R-31 3-1/8″ 3,000 9-1/2″ 8 7/8″ 6-1/4″ R-31 3-1/8″ 5,000 10-1/2″ 8 1-1/8″ 7-3/4″ R-35 3-1/16″ 10,000 10-5/8″ 8 1″ 7-1/4″ BX-154 3-1/16″ 15,000 11-5/16″ 8 1-1/8″ 8″ BX-154 3-1/16″ 20,000 14-1/16″ 8 1-3/8″ 10-3/4″ BX-154 4-1/16″ 2,000 10-3/4″ 8 7/8″ 6-1/4″ R-37 4-1/16″ 3,000 11-1/2″ 8 1-1/8″ 7-1/2″ R-37 4-1/16″ 5,000 12-1/4″ 8 1-1/8″ 8-3/8″ BX-155 4-1/16″ 20,000 17-9/16″ 8 1-3/4″ 12-3/4″ BX-155 5-1/8″ 5,000 14-3/4″ 8 1-1/2″ 10-3/4″ R-44 7-1/16″ 2,000 14″ 12 1″ 7-1/2″ R-45 7-1/16″ 3,000 15″ 12 1-1/8″ 8-1/2″ R-45 7-1/16″ 5,000 15-1/2″ 12 1-3/8″ 11-1/4″ R-46 7-1/16″ 10,000 18-7/8″ 12 1-1/2″ 11-3/4″ BX-156 7-1/16″ 15,000 19-7/8″ 16 1-1/2″ 13″ BX-156 7-1/16″ 20,000 24-13/16″ 16 2″ 17-3/4″ BX-156 9″ 2,000 16-1/2″ 12 1-1/8″ 8-1/2″ R-49 9″ 3,000 18-1/2″ 12 1-3/8″ 9-1/2″ R-49 9″ 5,000″ 19″ 12 1-5/8″ 12-1/2″ R-50 9″ 10,000 21-3/4″ 16 1-1/2″ 13-1/4″ BX-157 9″ 15,000 25-1/2″ 16 1-7/8″ 16″ BX-157 11″ 2,000 20″ 16 1-1/4″ 9-1/4″ R-53 11″ 3,000 21-1/2″ 16 1-3/8″ 10″ R-53 11″ 5,000 23″ 12 1-7/8″ 14-1/4″ R-54 11″ 10,000 25-3/4″ 16 1-3/4″ 15-3/8″ BX-158 11″ 15,000 32″ 20 2″ 19-1/2″ BX-158 13-5/8″ 2,000 22″ 20 1-1/4″ 9-1/2″ R-57 13-5/8″ 3,000 24″ 20 1-3/8″ 10-3/4″ R-57 13-5/8″ 5,000 26-1/2″ 16 1-5/8″ 12-3/4″ BX-160 13-5/8″ 10,000 30-1/4″ 20 1-7/8″ 17-3/4″ BX-159 13-5/8″ 15,000 34-7/8″ 20 2-1/4″ 21″ BX-159 16-3/4″ 2,000 27″ 20 1-1/2″ 10-3/4″ R-65 16-3/4″ 3,000 27-3/4″ 20 1-5/8″ 12-1/4″ R-66 16-3/4″ 5,000 30-3/8″ 16 1-78″ 14-3/4″ BX-162 16-3/4″ 10,000 34-5/16″ 24 1-7/8″ 17-3/4″ BX-162 18-3/4″ 5,000 35-5/8″ 20 2″ 18″ BX-163 16-3/4″ 10,000 40-15/16″ 24 2-1/4″ 23″ BX-164 20-3/4″ 3,000 33-3/4″ 20 2″ 15-1/4″ R-74 21-1/4″ 2,000 32″ 24 1-5/8″ 12-1/2″ R-73 21-1/4″ 5,000 39″ 24 2″ 19″ BX-165 21-1/4″ 10,000 45″ 24 2-1/2″ 24-3/4″ BX-166 26-3/4″ 2,000 41″ 20 1-3/4″ 14-1/4″ BX-167 21-1/4″ 3,000 43-3/8″ 24 2″ 17-1/2″ BX-168 Description of API 6A Flange API 6A flange have flange type including Welding neck Flanges, blind Flange. Type: Welding neck Flanges, Blind Flanges with Ring Joint Connetction Material: Carbon steel: A105,SS400,SF440 RST37.2,S235JRG2,P250GH,C22.8, Stainless Steel: F304 F304L F316 F316L 316Ti, Copper etc. Standard: API 6A Size: 1-13/16″ to 21-1/4″ Pressure: 2000psi, 3000psi, 5000psi, 10000psi, 15000psi, 20000psi Packing: No Fumigate or Fumigate Plywood/Wood Pallet or Case Surface Treatment: Anti-rust Oil, Transparent/Yellow/Black Anti-rust Paint,Zinc,Hot dipped Galvanized. E-catalogue: Available , please visit catalogue of flange Usage: Oil Field, Offshore, Water System, Shipbuilding, Natural Gas, Electric Power, Pipe Projects etc. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

One of the most common heat exchangers in service within industrial process applications is the “Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers”. They are available in many shapes, sizes and have been used in industry for over 150 years. In this exchanger group are various sub design types: Fixed, U-tube and Floating tubes heet. Variations of all can be denoted as type “E”, “F”, “G”, “H”, “J”, “K” or “X”. The main applications are where high pressure/temperatures are key considerations. Loosely, general designs consist of the/an outer shell in which resides a tube bundle (these can be configured as finned, plain etc) sealed at each end by a tube sheet which isolates the tubes and the outer shell. Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers have the capability to transfer large amounts of heat at low(er) costs. This, in principle, down to both design simplicity and effectiveness – large tube surface for reduced weight, volume of liquid and importantly floor space. Whilst there is a wide variety to choose from there are certain key components similar in all. Tube sheets have tubes attached to them within the body or “shell” of the heat exchanger. The tubes allow the movement of a given medium (gas/fluid) through the shell chamber stopping it mixing with a second fluid medium that lies outside these tubes. As long as there is a temperature difference between these, in effect, the two flow past one another exchanging heat without ever mixing. Tube sheets can be fixed or floating dependent on the application the heat exchanger is designed for. Tube sheets are a critical component of the final design. There are a multitude of materials they can be manufactured from. Material selection is made after careful consideration as it is in contact with both fluids. It must therefore have the necessary corrosion resistance, electromechanical and metallurgical properties associated for its given working environment. The tube sheets themselves contain holes drilled into them. This, in a given, very specific design configuration, at very precise locations with critical tolerances. The amounts of holes can range from a few to thousands. These pattern or “pitch” holes are relative to each other tube sheet within the shell. This pitch changes tube distance, angle and flow direction. These parameters have been varied to maximize the heat transfer effectiveness. Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers of the big advantages of using a shell and tube heat exchanger is that they are often easy to service, particularly with models where a floating tube bundle where the tube plates are not welded to the outer shell is available. Fixed Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers used on fixed tube sheet heat exchangers.  Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers the right choice of materials they can also be used to cool or heat other mediums, such as swimming pool water or charge air. Fixed Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers ideal cooling solution for a wide variety of applications. One of the most common applications is the cooling of hydraulic fluid and oil in engines, transmissions and hydraulic power packs. Because these tube sheets are the main, critical, wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited manufactures directly to OEM drawings issued as DXF files. The in house Delcam FeatureCam CAD reading capabilities mean the final product supplied from us is manufactured to the exacting specifications as designed, released and issued from you the client. wilsonpipeline’s considerable experience in this highly specialized area means that whatever the requirement, whatever the timescale, we have the technical, in house experience and know-how to approach a given task, deliver on time and in budget. This is why the company is entrusted to manufacture to key, blue chip clients across the globe. Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Description of Slip on flange Slip On Flange manufacturer antong supplies Slip on flange, SO Flanges, Slip On Flanges in forged steel, Stainless Steel, alloy steel, etc. Specification of Slip on flange Slip on flanges are slipped over the pipe and welded (usually both inside and outside) to provide strength and prevent leakage. Slip on Flanges are at the low cost end of the scale, and do not require high accuracy when cutting the pipe to length. These slip on can sometimes have a boss or hub, and can be made with a bore to suit either pipe or tube. B16.5 Class150 Slip on Flange B16.5 Class300 Slip on Flange B16.5 Class600 Slip on Flange B16.5 Class900 Slip on Flange B16.5 Class1500 Slip on Flange B16.5 Class2500 Slip on Flange Description of Slip on flange Type: SO Forged Flange Material: Duplex Stainless Steel: 2205, etc. Stainless Steel: F304 F304L F316 F316L 316Ti, Copper etc. Standard: ANSI,JIS,DIN,BS4504,SABS1123,EN1092-1, UNI,AS2129,GOST-12820 Size: 1/2-78 inch (DN15-DN2000) Pressure: ANSI class 150,300,600,1500,2500, DIN PN6,PN10,PN16,PN25,PN40,PN64,PN100,PN160 Packing: No Fumigate or Fumigate Plywood/Wood Pallet or Case Surface Treatment: Anti-rust Oil, Transparent/Yellow/Black Anti-rust Paint,Zinc,Hot dipped Galvanized. Usage: Oil Field, Offshore, Water System, Shipbuilding, Natural Gas, Electric Power, Pipe Projects etc. wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry deal in following :SS Slip On FlangeCS Slip On FlangeAlloy Steel Slip On FlangeF5 Slip On FlangeF11 Slip On FlangeF22 Slip On FlangeF12 Slip On FlangeF91 Slip On FlangeSS 304 Slip On FlangeSS 304L Slip On FlangeSS 316 Slip On FlangeSS 316L Slip On FlangeSS 317 Slip On FlangeSS 317L Slip On FlangeSS 321 Slip On FlangeSS 347H Slip On FlangeSS 904L Slip On FlangeDuplex Slip On FlangeS31803 Slip On FlangeS32205 Slip On FlangeMonel 400 Slip On FlangeMonel K500 Slip On FlangeInconel Slip On FlangeSuper Duplex Slip On FlangeS32205 Slip On FlangeS32760 Slip On FlangeF51 Slip On FlangeF53 Slip On FlangeA694 F42 Slip On FlangeA694 F46 Slip On FlangeA694 F52 Slip On FlangeA694 F56 Slip On FlangeA694 F60 Slip On FlangeA694 F65 Slip On FlangeA694 F70 Slip On FlangeA350 LF2 Slip On FlangeA350 LF3 Slip On FlangeA707 L1 Slip On FlangeA707 L2 Slip On FlangeA707 L3 Slip On FlangeA105 Slip On FlangeF904L Slip On FlangeInconel 625 Slip On FlangeIncoloy 800 Slip On FlangeIncoloy 800H Slip On FlangeIncoloy 800HT Slip On FlangeHastelloy Slip On FlangeHastelloy B2 Slip On FlangeHastelloy B3 Slip On FlangeHastelloy C22 Slip On FlangeHastelloy C276 Slip On FlangeKOC approved Slip On FlangeKNPC approved Slip On FlangeAaramco approved Slip On Flange Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Specification of Weld Neck Flange Weld Neck Flange is that designed to be joined to a piping system by butt welding. This kind of flange include lots of specification,Weld neck Flange is expensive because of its long neck and cost of people for contact WN flange with pipeline or fitting, but is preferred for high stress applications. The necks, or hubs, transmits stresses to the pipeline. The gradual transition of thickness from the base of the hub to the wall thickness at the butt weld provides important reinforcement of the Weld Neck flange. The bore of Weld-Neck flange matches bore of the pipeline, reducing turbulence and erosion. 16.5 Welding Neck Flange 150lb B16.5 Welding Neck Flange 300lb B16.5 Welding Neck Flange 600lb B16.5 Welding Neck Flange 900lb B16.5 Welding Neck Flange 1500lb B16.5 Welding Neck Flange 2500lb B16.47 Ser.B (API)Welding Neck Flange 75lb >B16.47 Ser.B (API)Welding Neck Flange 150lb B16.47 Ser.B (API)Welding Neck Flange 300lb B16.47 Ser.B (API)Welding Neck Flange 600lb B16.47 Ser.B (API)Welding Neck Flange 900lb B16.47 Ser.A (MSS SP44) Welding Neck Flange 150lb B16.47 Ser.A (MSS SP44) Welding Neck Flange 300lb B16.47 Ser.A (MSS SP44) Welding Neck Flange 600lb B16.47 Ser.A (MSS SP44) Welding Neck Flange 900lb Description of Welding neck flange Type: WN Forged Flange Material: Carbon steel: A105,SS400,SF440 RST37.2,S235JRG2,P250GH,C22.8, Stainless Steel: F304 F304L F316 F316L 316Ti, Copper etc. Standard: ANSI,JIS,DIN,BS4504,SABS1123,EN1092-1, UNI,AS2129,GOST-12820 Size: 1/2-78 inch (DN15-DN2000) Pressure: ANSI class 150,300,600,1500,2500, DIN PN6,PN10,PN16,PN25,PN40,PN64,PN100,PN160 Packing: No Fumigate or Fumigate Plywood/Wood Pallet or Case Surface Treatment: Anti-rust Oil, Transparent/Yellow/Black Anti-rust Paint,Zinc,Hot dipped Galvanized. Usage: Oil Field, Offshore, Water System, Shipbuilding, Natural Gas, Electric Power, Pipe Projects etc wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry can supply you the following :SS Weld Neck FlangeCS Weld Neck FlangeAlloy Steel WNFF5 Weld Neck FlangeF11 Weld Neck FlangeF22 Weld Neck FlangeF12 Weld Neck FlangeF91 Weld Neck FlangeSS 304 Weld Neck FlangeSS 304L Weld Neck FlangeSS 316 Weld Neck FlangeSS 316L Weld Neck FlangeSS 317 Weld Neck FlangeSS 317L Weld Neck FlangeSS 321 Weld Neck FlangeSS 347H Weld Neck FlangeSS 904L Weld NEck FlangeDuplex Weld Neck FlangeS31803 Weld Neck FlangeS32205 Weld NEck FlangeMonel 400 Weld Neck FlangeMonel K500 Weld Neck FlangeInconel Weld Neck FlangeDuplex Weld NEck FlangeSuper Duplex Weld Neck FlangeS32750 Weld Neck FlangeS32760 Weld Neck FlangeF51 Weld Neck FlangeF53 Weld Neck FlangeA694 F42 Weld NEck FlangeA694 F46 Weld Neck FlangeA694 F52 Weld Neck FlangeA694 F56 Weld Neck FlangeA690 F60 Weld Neck FlangeA694 F65 Weld Neck FlangeA694 F70 Weld Neck FlangeA350 LF2 Weld Neck FlangeA350 LF3 Weld Neck FlangeA707 L1 Weld Neck FlangeA707 L2 Weld Neck FlangeA707 L3 Weld Neck FlangeA105 Weld Neck FlangeF904L Weld Neck FlangeInconnel 625 Weld Neck FlangeIncoloy 800 Weld Neck FlangeIncoloy 800H Weld Neck FlangeIncoloy 800HT Weld Neck FlangeHastelloy B2 Weld Neck FlangeHastelloy B3 Weld Neck FlangeHastelloy C22 Weld Neck FlangeHastelloy C276 Weld Neck FlangeKOC approved Weld Neck FlangeKNPC approved Weld Neck FlangeAaramco approved Weld Neck FlangeStainless Steel WNRF FlangeCarbon Steel WNRF FlangeAlloy Steel WNRF FlangeF5 WNRF FlangeF11 WNRF FlangeF22 WNRF FlangeF12 WNRF FlangeF91 WNRF FlangeSS304 WNRF FlangeSS304L WNRF FlangeSS3016 WNRF FlangeSS316L WNRF FlangeSS 317 WNRF FlangeSS317L WNRF FlangeSS321 WNRF FlangeSS347H WNRF FlangeSS904L WNRF FlangeDuplex WNRF FlangeS31803 WNRF FlangeS32205 WNRF FlangeMonel 400 WNRF FlangeMonel K500 WNRFInconel WNRF FlangeDuplex WNRF FlangeSuper Duplex WNRFS32750 WNRF FlangeS32760 WNRF FlangeF51 WNRF FlangeF53 WNRF FlangeA694 F42 WNRF FlangeA694 F46 WNRF FlangeA694 F52 WNRF FlangeA694 F56 WNRF FlangeA694 F60 WNRF FlangeA694 F65 WNRF FlangeA694 F70 WNRF FlangeA350 LF2 WNRF FlangeA350 LF3 WNRF FlangeA707 L1 WNRF FlangeA707 L2 WNRF FlangeA707 L3 WNRF FlangeA105 WNRF FlangeF904L WNRF FlangeInconel 625 WNRF FlangeIncoloy 800 WNRF FlangeIncoloy 800H WNRF FlangeIncoloy 800HT WNRF FlangeHastelloy WNRF FlangeHastelloy B2 WNRF FLangeHastelloy B3 WNRF FlangeHastelloy C22 WNRF FLangeHastelloy C276 WNRF FLangeKOC approved WNRF FLangeKNPC approved WNRF FlangeAaramco approved WNRF FlangeStainless Steel WNFF FlangeCarbon Steel WNFF FlangeAlloy Steel WNFF FlangeF5 WNFF FlangeF11 WNFF FlangeF22 WNFF FlangeF12 WNFF FlangeF91 WNFF FlangeSS304 WNFF FlangeSS304L WNFF FlangeSS316 WNFF FlangeSS316L WNFF FlangeSS317 WNFF FlangeSS317L WNFF FlangeSS321 WNFF FlangeSS347H WNFF FlangeSS904L WNFF FlangeDuplex WNFF FlangeS31803 WNFF FlangeS32205 WNFF FlangeMonel 400 WNFF FlangeMonel K500 WNFF FlangeInconel WNFF FlangeDuplex WNFF FlangeSuper Duplex WNFF FlangeS32750 WNFF FlangeS32760 WNFF FlangeF51 WNFF FlangeF53 WNFF FlangeA694 F42 WNFF FlangeA694 F46 WNFF FlangeA694 F52 WNFF FlangeA694 F56 WNFF FlangeA694 F60 WNFF FlangeA694 F65 WNFF FlangeA694 F70 WNFF FlangeA350 LF2 WNFF FlangeA350 LF3 WNFF FlangeA707 L1 WNFF FlangeA707 L2 WNFF FlangeA707 L3 WNFF FlangeA105 WNFF FlangeF904L WNFF FlangeInconel 625 WNFF FlangeIncoloy 800H WNFF FlangeIncoloy 800HT WNFF FlangeHastelloy WNFF FlangeHastelloy B2 WNFF FLangeHastelloy B3 WNFF FlangeHastelloy C22 WNFF FLangeHastelloy C276 WNFF FLangeKOC approved WNFF FLangeKNPC approved WNFF FlangeAaramco approved WNFF Flange Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Specification of Threaded Flange, Screwed Flange ​ Threaded Flanges (Screwed flanges)are similar to slip-on flanges in outline, but the bore is threaded, thus enabling assembly without welding. This obviously limits its application to relatively low pressure piping systems. Threaded Flanges may be welded around the joint after assembly, but this is not considered a satisfactory method of increasing the flanges’ pressure applications. Threaded flange use in low press condition usually. B16.5 Threaded 150lb Flange B16.5 Threaded 300lb Flange B16.5 Threaded 600lb Flange B16.5 Threaded 900lb Flange B16.5 Threaded 1500lb Flange B16.5 Threaded 2500lb Flange Description of Threaded Flange, Screwed Flange Type: Threaded Forged / Cast Flange Material: Carbon steel: A105,SS400,SF440 RST37.2,S235JRG2,P250GH,C22.8, Stainless Steel: F304 F304L F316 F316L 316Ti, Copper etc. Standard: ANSI,JIS,DIN,BS4504,SABS1123,EN1092-1, UNI,AS2129,GOST-12820 Size: 1/2-78 inch (DN15-DN2000) Pressure: ANSI class 150,300,600,1500,2500, DIN PN6,PN10,PN16,PN25,PN40,PN64,PN100,PN160 Packing: No Fumigate or Fumigate Plywood/Wood Pallet or Case Surface Treatment: Anti-rust Oil, Transparent/Yellow/Black Anti-rust Paint,Zinc,Hot dipped Galvanized. Usage: Oil Field, Offshore, Water System, Shipbuilding, Natural Gas, Electric Power, Pipe Projects etcSS Threaded FlangeCS Threaded FlangeAlloy Steel Threaded FlangeF5 Threaded FlangeF11 Threaded FlangeF22 Threaded FlangeF12 Threaded FlangeF91 Threaded FlangeSS 304 Threaded FlangeSS 304L Threaded FlangeSS 316 Threaded FlangeSS 316 L Threaded FlangeSS 317 Threaded FlangeSS 317L Threaded FlangeSS 321 Threaded FlangeSS 347H Threaded FlangeSS 904L Threaded FlangeDuplex Threaded FlangeSuper Duplex Threaded FlangeS31803 Threaded FlangeS32205 Threaded FlangeMonel 400 Threaded FlangeMonel K500 Threaded FlangeInconel Threaded FlangeDuplex Threaded FlangeSuper Duplex Threaded FlangeS32750 Threaded FlangeS32760 Threaded FlangeF51 Threaded FlangeF53 Threaded FlangeA694 F42 Threaded FlangeA694 F46 Threaded FlangeA694 F52 Threaded FlangeA694 F56 Threaded FlangeA694 F60 Threaded FlangeA694 F65 Threaded FlangeA694 F70 Threaded FlangeA350 LF2 Threaded FlangeA350 LF3 Threaded FlangeA707 L1 Threaded FlangeA707 L2 Threaded FlangeA707 L3 Threaded FlangeA105 Threaded FlangeF904L Threaded FlangeInconel 625 Threaded FlangeIncoloy 800 Threaded FlangeIncoloy 800H Threaded FlangeIncoloy 800HT Threaded FlangeHastelloy Threaded FlangeHastelloy B2 Threaded FlangeHastelloy B3 Threaded FlangeHastelloy C22 Threaded FlangeHastelloy C276 Threaded FlangeKOC approved Threaded FlangeKNPC approved Threaded FlangeAAramco approved Threaded Flange Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Long weld neck flange, lwn flanges are similar to a standard Weld Neck flanges, but the “Neck” is considerably longer than other flanges. LWN flange is often used as a nozzle for a barrel or column. In addition, there are the type LWN Heavy Barrel (HB) and the Equal LWN Barrel (E); they have a different shape and a thicker “Wall”. Type: LWN Forged Flange, Long welding neck flange Material: Carbon steel: A105,SS400,SF440 RST37.2,S235JRG2,P250GH,C22.8, Stainless Steel: F304 F304L F316 F316L 316Ti, Copper etc. Standard: ANSI/DIN/JIS Size: 1/2-78 inch (DN15-DN2000) Pressure: ANSI class 150,300,600,1500,2500, DIN PN6,PN10,PN16,PN25,PN40,PN64,PN100,PN160 Packing: No Fumigate or Fumigate Plywood/Wood Pallet or Case Surface Treatment: Anti-rust Oil, Transparent/Yellow/Black Anti-rust Paint,Zinc,Hot dipped Galvanized. Usage: Oil Field, Offshore, Water System, Shipbuilding, Natural Gas, Electric Power, Pipe Projects etc. wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry also Deal in following :SS Long Weld Neck FlangeCS Long Weld Neck FlangeAlloy Steel Long Weld Neck FlangeF5 Long Weld Neck FlangeF11 Long Weld Neck FlangeF22 Long Weld Neck FlangeF12 Long Weld Neck FlangeF91 Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 304 Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 304L Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 316 Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 316 L Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 317 Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 317L Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 321 Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 347H Long Weld Neck FlangeSS 904L Long Weld Neck FlangeDuplex Long Weld Neck FlangeSuper Duplex Long Weld Neck FlangeS31803 Long Weld Neck FlangeS32205 Long Weld Neck FlangeMonel 400 Long WeldNeck FlangeMonel K500 Long WeldNeck FlangeInconel Long Weld Neck FlangeDuplex Long Weld Neck FlangeSuper Duplex Long WeldNeck FlangeS32750 Long Weld Neck FlangeS32760 Long Weld Neck FlangeF51 Long Weld Neck FlangeF53 Long Weld Neck FlangeA694 F42 Long Weld Neck FlangeA694 F46 Long Weld Neck FlangeA694 F52 Long Weld Neck FlangeA694 F56 Long Weld Neck FlangeA694 F60 Long Weld Neck FlangeA694 F65 Long Weld Neck FlangeA694 F70 Long Weld Neck FlangeA350 LF2 Long Weld NeckA350 LF3 Long Weld Neck FlangeA707 L1 Long Weld Neck FlangeA707 L2 Long Weld Neck FlangeA707 L3 Long Weld Neck FlangeA105 Long Weld Neck FlangeF904L Long Weld Neck FlangeInconel 625 Long WeldNeck FlangeIncoloy 800 Long WeldNeck FlangeIncoloy 800H Long WeldNeck FlangeIncoloy 800HT Long WeldNeck FlangeHastelloy Long Weld Neck FlangeHastelloy B2 Long WeldNeck FlangeHastelloy B3 Long WeldNeck FlangeHastelloy C22 Long Weld Neck FlangeHastelloy C276 Long WeldNeck FlangeKOC approved Long WeldNeck FlangeKNPC approved Long WeldNeck FlangeAAramco approved Long WeldNeck Flange Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Specification of Plate Flange, Slip On Plate Flange Plate flange [Slip on plate flange] is different with slip on flange without neck for contact with fitting, it usually include GB flange and DIN flange, In ANSI, ASME flange system, which have this kind of flange, how to tell plate flange and slip on flange, we name slip on flange with neck to slip on welding neck flange, and plate flange for slip on plate flange. Type: Plate Flange Material: Carbon steel: A105,SS400,SF440 RST37.2,S235JRG2,P250GH,C22.8, Stainless Steel: F304 F304L F316 F316L 316Ti, Copper etc. Standard: JIS,DIN,BS4504,SABS1123,EN1092-1, UNI,AS2129,GOST-12820 Size: 1/2-78 inch (DN15-DN2000) Pressure:DIN PN6,PN10,PN16,PN25,PN40,PN64,PN100,PN160 Packing: No Fumigate or Fumigate Plywood/Wood Pallet or Case Surface Treatment: Anti-rust Oil, Transparent/Yellow/Black Anti-rust Paint,Zinc,Hot dipped Galvanized. E-catalogue: Available , please visit catalogue of flange Usage: Oil Field, Offshore, Water System, Shipbuilding, Natural Gas, Electric Power, Pipe Projects etc. We also Deal in following :SS Plate FlangeCS Plate FlangeAlloy Steel Plate FlangeF5 Plate FlangeF11 Plate FlangeF22 Plate FlangeF12 Plate FlangeF91 Plate FlangeSS 304 Plate FlangeSS 304L Plate FlangeSS 316 Plate FlangeSS 316 L Plate FlangeSS 317 Plate FlangeSS 317L Plate FlangeSS 321 Plate FlangeSS 347H Plate FlangeSS 904L Plate FlangeDuplex Plate FlangeSuper Duplex Plate FlangeS31803 Plate FlangeS32205 Plate FlangeMonel 400 Plate FlangeMonel K500 Plate FlangeInconel Plate FlangeDuplex Plate FlangeSuper Duplex Plate FlangeS32750 Plate FlangeS32760 Plate FlangeF51 Plate FlangeF53 Plate FlangeA694 F42 Plate FlangeA694 F46 Plate FlangeA694 F52 Plate FlangeA694 F56 Plate FlangeA694 F60 Plate FlangeA694 F65 Plate FlangeA694 F70 Plate FlangeA350 LF2 Plate FlangeA350 LF3 Plate FlangeA707 L1 Plate FlangeA707 L2 Plate FlangeA707 L3 Plate FlangeA105 Plate FlangeF904L Plate FlangeInconel 625 Plate FlangeIncoloy 800 Plate FlangeIncoloy 800H Plate FlangeIncoloy 800HT Plate FlangeHastelloy Plate FlangeHastelloy B2 Plate FlangeHastelloy B3 Plate FlangeHastelloy C22Plate FlangeHastelloy C276 Plate FlangeKOC approved Plate FlangeKNPC approved Plate FlangeAAramco approved Plate Flange Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)

Induction Pipe Bend is a controlled means of bending pipes through the application of local heating using high frequency induced electrical power. Originally used for the purpose of surface hardening steels, induction technology when used in Pipe Bend consists basically of an induction coil placed around the pipe to be bent. The induction coil heats a narrow, circumferential section of the pipe to a temperature of between 850 and 1100 degrees Celsius (dependant on the material to be formed). As the correct bending temperature range is reached, the pipe is moved slowly through the induction coil whilst the bending force is applied by a fixed radius arm arrangement. Induction Pipe Bends/Spools and air/steam rings Tube Bending are manufactured by the process of induction heating in meeting perse high quality requirements in accordance with ASTM, API, DIN, BS, ANSI, ASME PFI and other international technical specifications. Manufacture of Induction Pipe Bends Induction Pipe Bends are formed in a factory by passing a length of straight pipe through an induction bending machine. This machine uses an induction coil to heat a narrow band of the pipe material. The leading end of the pipe is clamped to a pivot arm. As the pipe is pushed through the machine, a Pipe Bend with the desired radius of curvature is produced. The heated material just beyond the induction coil is quenched with a water spray on the outside surface of the pipe. Thermal expansion of the narrow heated section of pipe is restrained due to the unheated pipe on either side, which causes diameter shrinkage upon cooling. The induction Pipe Bending process also causes wall thickening on the intrados and thinning on the extrados. The severity of thickening/thinning is dependant on the bending temperature, the speed at which the pipe is pushed through the induction coil, the placement of the induction coil relative to the pipe (closer to the intrados or extrados), and other factors. Most induction bends are manufactured with tangent ends (straight sections) that are not affected by the induction Pipe Bending process. Field welds are made or pipe pup sections are attached to the unaffected tangent ends, allowing for fitup similar to that found when welding straight sections of pipe together. Induction Pipe Bends come in standard Pipe Bend angles (e.g. 45°, 90°, etc.) or can be custom made to specific bend angles. Compound bends (out-of-plane) bends in a single joint of pipe can also be produced. The bend radius is specified as a function of the diameter. For example, common bend radii for induction bends are 3D, 5D and 7D, where D is the nominal pipe diameter. Applications Oil & Gas Sector – Onshore and Offshore Sub-Sea applications Refineries Petrochemicals Power Plants Fertilizers Metallurgical Industries Shipping and other Infrastructure Projects Bending CapablitiesSize of Pipes3″ – 14″4″ – 36″4″ – 48″Pipe Bending Radius (mm)178045757320Thickness (mm)5 – 50 UpTo 14” Dia Pipe6 – 36 for 26” – 36” Dia Pipe8 – 32 mm for 38” – 48” Dia Pipe ASME B16.49 ASME B16.49 Standard covers design, material, manufacturing, testing, marking, and inspection requirements for factory-made pipeline bends of carbon steel materials having controlled chemistry and mechanical properties, produced by the induction bending process, with or without tangents. This standard covers induction bends for transportation and distribution piping applications (e.g., ASME B31.4, B31.8, and B31.11). Process and power piping have differing requirements and materials that may not be appropriate for the restrictions and examinations described herein, and therefore are not included in this Standard. ThicknessUpto 14” dia pipe – 5 – 50mm26” – 36” dia pipe – 6 – 36mm38” – 48” dia pipes – 8- 32mm Bending Process The pre-inspected pipe having positive thickness is kept on the pipe carriage and clamped hydraulically on the rear carriage. The induction coil and cooling coils are mounted around the pipe. The concentricity of induction coil is adjusted with 3-plane movement to assure the uniform heating by induction. The radius of bend is fixed by adjusting the radius arm and front clamp. The pointer is also set to the correct degree. The pipe is pushed forward slowly so as to clamp rigidly with front clamp. The pipe is marked for arc length and initial thickness / hardness measurements. Before starting the bending operations the hydraulic pressure / water level / flow switches etc. are checked. The pipe is now heated by induction to the temp of 815 – 995 C. By pushing the pipe by push clamp the bending of the pipe is started slowly and carried out at speed of 10 – 40 mm/min. The bending operation is stopped at the specified angle of bend and predetermined arc length. The bend is removed from the machine and kept on an inspection platform for measurement of tolerances. Potential Material for Induction Pipe Bend Carbon Steel (Seamless/Weld Seam) – (API 5L X42-52-60-65-70, P265GH, P295GH…) Alloy Steel – ASTM A 335 Gr P11, P22, P5, P9, P9.1, P9.2, X20, 15CD205, 15Mo3, 15NiCuMo Stainless Steel – TP 316, 316L, 304, 304L, etc High Chrome Steel High Nickle High Chrome Steel Inconel Monel Metal Copper Alloy Titanium (Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5) Line Pipe – API 5L X52 / X65 / X70 / X80 – X100, A106 Grade.B / Grade.C / P1/ P9, A312TP304, TP316 Inconel 625 Incolloy 600H Source: wilsonpipeline Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.wilsonpipeline.com)