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Cold Drawn Seamless tubing (also known as CDS). Cold Drawn Seamless tubes offer tight tolerances compared to Hot Finished Seamless tube, and offers stronger physical properties compared to other mechanical tubing.cold-drawn-seamless-tube CDS is popular in the hydraulics, being used to make hollowed chrome plated telescopic cylinders and hydraulic rods. It is also popular for large bore, heavy walled, high pressure hydraulic cylinders. Cold Drawn Seamless tubes also find uses in heavy equipment manufacturing such as cranes and garbage trucks. BARREL TYPE CROSS ROLL PIERCING PROCESS tube_plug_drawing_process This cold drawing process continues until the tube is at its specified final dimensions. In this process, rounds are heated in the rotary hearth furnace/ slope type fixed bed heating furnace to a forming temperature of approximately 1280 degree C. This is followed by a high pressure water jet descaling, prior to which the bloom is pierced in the cross roll piercing mill to produce a thin-walled hollow shell which is elongated to between 3 and 4.5 times its original length. The elongation corresponds to a deformation level between 65 % and 75%. Owing to the relatively large angle of roll inclination, and higher rolling speeds, stock exit speed in the case of barrel-type piercer is considerably faster than in Mannesmann piercing mills. General process of cold drawing Contents [hide] 1 General process of cold drawing 1.1 THERE ARE THREE BASIC PROCESSES EMPLOYED FOR THE COLD DRAWING OF TUBE: 1.2 ANNEALING 1.3 STRAIGHTENING 1.4 EDDY CURRENT 1.5 FINISHING A considerable proportion of the seamless tubes and pipes manufactured through the cold roll piercing technology undergo subsequent cold forming. The principal reasons behind cold drawing are: Achievement of closer wall thickness and diameter tolerance Improvement in surface finish To enhance serviceability No premature failure Suitable for critical forming Such as 180˚ Bends Enhancement of mechanical properties of the tube Expansion of product mix towards the lower end of the OD and wall thickness scales. THERE ARE THREE BASIC PROCESSES EMPLOYED FOR THE COLD DRAWING OF TUBE: Hollow drawing Stationery drawing or floating plug drawing and Drawing over a mandrel (also known as drawing on-the-bar) ANNEALING After the goods are cold drawn to sizes, the tubes are put on annealing furnace for heat treatment and normalising. STRAIGHTENING Post annealing, the goods are passed through a seven roller straightening machine to achieve proper straightening of the tubes. EDDY CURRENT Post straightening, each tube is passed through eddy current machine to detect for surface cracks and other defects . Only the tubes that pass eddy current are fit for delivery to customers. FINISHING Each tube is either oiled with corrosion resistant oil or varnished for surface protection and corrosion resistant as per customers requirement, each tube end is covered by plastic end caps to avoid damage in transit, the marking and specs are put and the goods are ready for dispatch.

Pipe Tee is a type of pipe fitting which is T-shaped having two outlets, at 90° to the connection to the main line. It is a short piece of pipe with a lateral outlet. Pipe Tee is used to connect pipelines with a pipe at a right angle with the line. Pipe Tees are widely used as pipe fittings. They are made of various materials and available in various sizes and finishes. Pipe tees are extensively used in pipeline networks to transport two-phase fluid mixtures. pipe-tee Size range: 1/2 to 72 inches Contents [hide] 1 Size range: 1/2 to 72 inches 2 Pipe tee draws 2.1 MATERIALS FOR PIPE TEES 2.2 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 2.3 APPLICATIONS OF PIPE TEES: 3 More informations for Tees and Cross: MATERIALS FOR PIPE TEES Carbon steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB-WPC Alloy steel: ASTM/ASME A234 W P 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP 911 Stainless steel: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H Low temperature steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL 3-WPL 6 High performance steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES Bending, squeezing, pressing, forging, machining and more APPLICATIONS OF PIPE TEES: Pipe Tees are widely used in various commercial and industrial applications. Industrial applications include: Chemical processing, Petroleum, Pulp/paper, Refining, Textile, Waste treatment, Marine, Utilities/power generation, Industrial equipment, Automotive, Gas compression and distribution industries Pipe Tees are also recommended for industrial plant fluid power systems.

The primary purpose of a Tee is to make a 90° branch from the main run of pipe. Standard there are 2 possibilities, on behalf of the equal tee and reducing tee. The equal tee (or straight tee) is used as the branch has the same diameter as the run-pipe. Straight-tee-and-Reducing-tee Dimensions and Standards of pipe tees When we talk about a tee NPS 3, a equal or straight tee is intended. With a tee NPS 3 x 2 a reducing tee is intended. Although, officially a reducing tee will be indicated by 3 diameters, namely 3 x 3 x 2 (A x B x C). The A & B measure stands for the Nominal Pipe Size of Run-Pipe, C measure stands for Nominal Pipe Size of Outlet. This designation actually is superfluous, but comes from the time that tees were available in 3 different ends of diameters, such as 4 x 3 x 2 (A x B x C). In this implementation of course it is necessary, to specify 3 different sizes. That kind of tees is probably no longer available. Applying a equal tee with a concentric or eccentric reducer is now the usual practice. A straight or equal buttwelding Tee is available for all common diameters. A Reducing Tee not, because many diameters are not produced, or can not be produced. As an example: a reducing tee NPS 6 x 4 is a standard item for most suppliers, but a reducing tee NPS 16 x 2 is probably not available by any supplier. It would also not economical to use a NPS 16 tee with a NPS 2 outlet; in such situations a Branch Fitting will be used or a Branch Connection will be made. In addition to the defined tees, there are straight and reducing crosses. Straight crosses are generally stock items, reducing crosses are often difficult to obtain. I have never used that tees and I have they never seen in practice, at least not in petro and chemical industry. They will be used where space is limited, by revision work, in shipping industry et cetera. Wall thickness Tee By the shape of a tee, the wall thickness can be a critical item. ASME B16.9 only standardizes the end-to-end dimensions, center-to-end dimensions and some “squareness” dimensional tolerances. The wall thickness at the weld line location even is standardized, but not through the rest of the fitting. The standard states that the minimum tolerance will be within 12.5% of the minimum ordered wall thickness of the pipe. A maximum tolerance is specified only at the ends of the fitting. tee-design Pipe tee & crosses size Many providers of welding tees (and elbows) provide one schedule greater thickness so that sufficient wall thickness, after forming, remains. In Tee’s, the crotch radius (T) varies from one manufacturer to another, but some establish itself as a requirement, 1.3 times the wall thickness to maintain the crotch. ASME B16.9-2003 SECTION 2.2 DESIGN OF FITTINGS SAYS: …it is expected that some portion of formed fittings may have to be thicker than the pipe wall with which the fitting is intended to be used Because there is no maximum tolerance for some parts of the fitting, the customer itself must indicate his requirements. Depending on a customer specification, the manufacturer must certify that the manufactured tee, is made the requested requirements. He can do that with additional drawings, with additional wall thickness measurements etc. verified by an independent party or a customers inspector. All these additional tests cost money, so it can happen, that the additional costs, many times higher, as the tee itself.

The large variations of caps, are the so-called ellipsoidal or dished heads. There are used to close pipes of large diameters, and are similar to those used for constructing vessels. large-diameter-pipe-cap Large diameter pipe cap WELD PREPARATION Contents [hide] 1 WELD PREPARATION 2 STANDARD: 3 SURFACE TREATMENT: 4 KEYWORD: 5 COMMON SHAPES: 6 SIZE For wall thickness less than 3 mm, the caps are supplied with plain weld ends. Larger thicknesses are supplied with the weld bevel of 37 ½°±2 ½°. STANDARD: ANSI B16.9 / 16.28, ASTM A53/A106, API 5L, ASME B36.10M—1996, DIN2605 / 2615 / 2616, JIS P2311/2312 A234-WPB-Large-Diameter-Pipe-Cap A234 WPB Large Diameter Pipe Cap SURFACE TREATMENT: Transparent oil, rust-proof black oil or hot galvanized. Special design available All the production process are made according to ISO9001:2000 strictly. KEYWORD: cap,Seamless cap,Steel cap,Carbon Steel Seamless cap,pipe cap,cap end Based on different materials, pipe caps include carbon steel cap, stainless steel cap, and alloy steel cap etc. Depending on their construction, pipe caps contain threaded cap, tapered cap and anti-roll cap etc. COMMON SHAPES: Pipe caps can be in various shapes. Some of the common shapes are hemispherical, oval, square, rectangular, U shape and I shape. SIZEcaps Pipe cap: 1/2″-60″, DN15-DN1500 Wall Thickness: sch10, sch20, sch30, std, sch40, sch60, xs, sch80, sch100, sch120, sch140, sch160, xxs, sch5s, sch20s, sch40s, sch80s Max. wall thickness: 200mm Materials Carbon steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB-WPC Alloy steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP 911 Stainless steel: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H Low temperature steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL 3-WPL 6 High performance steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70

Pipe reducers be applied, to change from pipe diameter in one direction. Standard there are 2 possibilities, the concentric reducer, is usually used in vertical pipe lines, and the eccentric reducer that is used in horizontal pipe lines. pipe-reducers Reducer is a kind of fitting that be used for reducing piping size. Concentric reducer is most commonly used and often eccentric reducer used in piping in about pump and pipe rack area. Length of reducers The length of a Reducer is very short in relation to the diameter, so in some dimensions the transition from one to another diameter is very abruptly. For example, a reducer 6″ x 2½” has a length of 140 mm. On this short distance a pipeline will be reduced from 168.3 mm O.D. to 73 mm O.D. During the design phase of a new pipe system, a piping designer certainly must think about it. Length of reducers For wall thickness less than 3 mm, the reducers are supplied with plain weld ends. Larger thicknesses are supplied with the weld bevel of 37 ½°±2 ½°.Weld Preparation

Stub Ends are fittings used in place of welded flanges where rotating back up flanges are desired. They are also called Lap Joints and Vanstone Flared Laps. A rotating back upflange seats itself against the back surface of the Stub End. When bolts are added, the clamping action of the bolts presses the rotating back up flange against the back of the Stub End.stub-ends When bolts are added, the clamping action of the bolts presses the rotating back up flange against the back of the Stub End. The gasket surface of the Stub End then presses against a gasket and another gasket surface providing joints like standard flange joints. The seal is made by the gasket surface of the stub end alone, the flange only provides the clamping pressure on the joint. stubend Dimensional Tolerances of Stub Ends MSS SP-43 Our high quality stub ends (Butt weld fittings ) are tested and verified for durability, accuracy and precision. The stub ends are manufactured in all standard dimensions. The stub ends are provided with a standard weld bevel and can be available in squared, flanged, victaulic and threaded ends. We offer stub ends at highly competitive prices. Keyword: Stub ends, Lap joint stub end, Lap joints, Vanstone Flared laps Material: A234-WPB A234-WP12 A234-WP11 A234-WP5 A403-WP304 A403-WP304L A403-WP316. A403-WP316L A420-WPL6,316L, 304L, 321, 321H. Manufacturing standard: ASME/ANSI B16.9, JIS, DIN, EN, API 5L, etc. Surface treatment:Shot blasted, rust-proof black oil Usage:

A pipe cross is a kind of pipe fitting. It is used in the place where four pipes meet together. The pipe cross may have one inlet and three outlets, or there inlets and one outlet. The diameter of the outlet and inlet can be the same and can also be different. That is to say, straight cross and reducing cross are both availabe. pipe-cross-cross-fittings CROSS DRAWSSurface treatment: Transparent oil, rust-proof black oil or hot galvanized. cross-design Size range: 1/2 to 60 inches Pressure: SCH5 to SCH160 Standard: ANSI B16.9/B16.28 and MSS SP-43/SP-75 Materials: Carbon steel , alloy steel, stainless steel Industrial Processes Bending, squeezing, pressing, forging, machining and more Applications of pipe tees: Pipe Tees are widely used in various commercial and industrial applications. Industrial applications include: Chemical processing, Petroleum, Pulp/paper, Refining, Textile, Waste treatment, Marine, Utilities/power generation, Industrial equipment, Automotive, Gas compression and distribution industries Pipe Tees are also recommended for industrial plant fluid power systems.

Coupling fittings are used for fluid conduits in which each end portion of two tubes to be connected is provided with a swaged-on adapter carrying the necessary means to connect or disconnect the tubes without disturbing the swaged-on adapter. Our range of coupling fittings are available in aluminium, steel and bronze. coupling-fittings Pipe couplings are highly demanded in the pipe fitting market. Pipe couplings are fittings that help to extend or terminate pipe runs. These fittings are also used to change pipe size. Couplings extend a run by joining two lengths of pipe. They are known as reduced coupling if they are used to connect pipes of different sizes. Couplings are also known as repair couplings. These couplings are without stops or ridges and they can be fixed anywhere along the pipe length for preventing leak of any kind. Material: ASTM A105, F304, F316, F304L, F316L, A182, F11, F22, and F91 Pressure: 2000LBS, 3000LBS, 6000LBS, 9000LBS Size: from 1/4 to 4 inches Standard: ANSI B16.9/B16.28 and MSS SP-43/SP-75 Connection ends: butt welded, threaded Thread types: NU, EU, STC, LTC and BTC Surface treatment:Shot blasted, rust-proof black oil Packing: Plywood Case/ Pallet/ other Threaded-half-coupling-and-Threaded-full-coupling Threaded half-coupling and Threaded full-coupling Dimensions threaded Full / Half couplings – NPS 1/2 to 4 – 3000 LBS – ASMEB16.11 Contents [hide] 1 Dimensions threaded Full / Half couplings – NPS 1/2 to 4 – 3000 LBS – ASMEB16.11 2 Dimensions threaded Full 3 / Half couplings – NPS 1/2 to 4 – 6000 LBS – 3.1 GENERAL NOTES: NPS End to End Outside Diameter Minimum Length of Thread A D B J 1/2 48 28 10.9 13.6 3/4 51 35 12.7 13.9 1 60 44 14.7 17.3 1¼ 67 57 17 18 1½ 79 64 17.8 18.4 2 86 76 19 19.2 2½ 92 92 23.6 28.9 3 108 108 25.9 30.5 4 121 140 27.7 33 Dimensions threaded Full / Half couplings – NPS 1/2 to 4 – 6000 LBS – NPS End to End Outside Diameter Minimum Length of Thread A D B J 1/2 48 38 10.9 13.6 3/4 51 44 12.7 13.9 1 60 57 14.7 17.3 1¼ 67 64 17 18 1½ 79 76 17.8 18.4 2 86 92 19 19.2 2½ 92 108 23.6 28.9 3 108 127 25.9 30.5 4 121 159 27.7 33 GENERAL NOTES: Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. Dimension B is minimum length of perfect thread. The length of useful thread (B plus threads with fully formed roots and flat crests) shall not be less than J.

We aware the beveling is very important processes in the whole production procession of butt-welding pipe fittings, we always make beveling according to the standard strictly. In the behavior, we make beveling after shot blasting, bevel ends are fully machined by advanced equipment Double Beveling Machine ensure the height, length, thickness, O.D. and I.D. are all qualified.pipe-fittings-weld-end Welding Bevel acc.to Contents [hide] 1 Welding Bevel acc.to 2 Weld End Preparations 2.0.0.1 Joining Welding Neck Flanges To Pipe Of Equal Or Lesser Wall Thickness 2.0.0.2 WELDBEND NOTES: ASME / ANSI B16.9 ASME / ANSI B16.28 ASME / ANSI B16.25 MSS SP-97 Our in-hourse R&D team developed bevel ends equipment are good using in thickness 2mm to 20mm pipe fittings, guarantee high efficiency and high quality. Send us your technical drawings: Yaang Steel will supply you with whatever flanges you are looking for. pipe-fittings-welded-end Nominal wall Thickness : t End Preparation t<5mm (for austenitic alloy steel t<4mm) Cut square or slightly chamfer at manufacturer ‘ s option 5<t<22mm (4<t<22mm) Plain Bevel as in sketch ( a ) above t>22mm Compound Bevel as in sketch ( b ) above Weld End Preparations Joining Welding Neck Flanges To Pipe Of Equal Or Lesser Wall Thickness weldend-1 *For thicker flanges, see ASME B16.9 WELDBEND NOTES: Weld neck Flanges can be joined to pipe of lesser wall with proper end preparation and joint design. The recommendations that follow apply to weld neck flanges with standard plain end bevels (as shown above) and with a hub thickness at the bevel no greater than 1 1/2 times the mating pipe thickness. The thickness of the flange hub at the weld bevel and the pipe shall be in accordance with the design requirements of the applicable section of ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping. When the internal offset due to unequal thickness does not exceed 1/2 times the pipe wall thickness, then the rules and figures given on page 75 are recommended as well for joining weld neck flanges to pipe of lesser wall and/or higher strength. When the additional thickness of the hub at the bevel results in an offset at the outside diameters of the ends to be joined, reference should be made to ASME B31 and ASME B16.5 Bevel Wall Thickness (t) 0.19 In. To 0.88 In. Inclusive A = Outside Diameter of flange and mating pipe (inches) B = Inside Diameter of flange (inches) t = Wall thickness of flange hub at bevel (inches) Note: For bevel wall thickness over .88″ refer to ASME B16.5 for alternative detail.

ASTM A420/A420M-07 Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service. ASTM A420 WPL6 Grade is associated with ASTM A420 for pipe fittings manufactured of Wrought Carbon Steel. WPL6 is a normalized grade of carbon steel that has been Charpy Impact tested at -50 degree F for use in low temperature service. See Also ASTM A333 Grades 1 and 6 (for pipe) and A350 LF2 for flanges. astm-a420-standard-specification ASTM A420 WPL6 Elbow after complete quality and performance measure inspection. These are widely appreciated for excellent quality, corrosion abrasion and high tensile strength with long life service. Materials shall consist of forgings, bars, plates, seamless or fusion welded tubular products with filler metal added, and shall be produced by open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Forging or forming operations shall be performed by one or a combination of two or more of the following procedures: hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, working, bending, fusion-welding, or machining. All welding shall be completed prior to the austenitizing heat treatment, which shall be executed in the normalized, normalized and tempered, annealed, or quenched and tempered conditions. Steel specimens shall conform to required values of chemical composition, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, wall thickness, and Charpy V-notch impact value. All fusion-welded butt joints shall undergo radiographic examination, while hydrostatic testing of fittings is not required in this specification. Repair welding shall be permissible for parts made to dimensional standards. This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date. Scope of ASTM A420 1.1 This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction, covered by the latest revision of ASME B16.9, ASME B16.11, MSS SP-79, MSS SP-83, MSS SP-95, and MSS SP-97. Fittings differing from these ASME and MSS standards shall be furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specification A960/A960M. These fittings are for use in pressure piping and pressure vessel service at low temperatures. 1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. When desired, one or more of these supplementary requirements shall be specified in the order. 1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A420 Grade C Mn P S Si WPL6(1)(2) 0.3 0.60-1.35 0.035 0.04 0.15-0.30 WPL9 0.2 0.40-1.06 0.03 0.03 – Grade Ni Cu Cr Mo V Nb WPL6(1)(2) 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.08 0.02 WPL9 1.60-2.24 0.75-1.25 – – – – GENERAL NOTE: All values are maximum unless otherwise indicated. NOTES: (1) For each reduction of 0.01% C below 0.30%, an increase of 0.05% Mn above 1.06% will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%. (2) Fittings made from forgings may have 1.35% max Mn. Mechanical properties of ASTM A420 Tensile Requirements WPL6 WPL9 Tensile Strength min, ksi [MPa] 60-85[415-585] 63-88[435-610] Yield Strength min, ksi [MPa] 35[240] 46[315] Where the wall thickness lies between two values above, the min elongation value is determined by the following equations: WPL6,WPL9 Longitudinal E=48t+15.00,E=48t+13.00 Transverse E=32t+6.50,E=32t+8.00 E = elongation in 2in [50mm], % t = actual thickness of specimen, in [mm]

ASTM A350-LF2 Temperature range (-50 to 800 deg. F) Where corrosion resistance is not important. This material is heat treated “Forgings of [LF2] shall be furnished in the normalized, or in the normalized and tempered, or in the quenched and tempered condition…” astm-a350-lf2-carbon-steel ASTM A350 LF2 flange TYPE: Contents [hide] 0.1 TYPE: 1 Nominal Composition of ASTM A350 LF2 2 Mechanical Properties of ASTM A350 LF2 3 General Scope Carbon steel applied in cold temperature service usually used in the normalised condition. Nominal Composition of ASTM A350 LF2 Element Weight % Carbon 0.30 max Silicon 0.15 – 0.30 Manganese 0.6 – 1.35 Phosphorus 0.35 max Sulphur 0.040 max Molybdenum 0.12 max Copper 0.40 max Chromium 0.30 max Nickel 0.40 max Vanadium 0.08 max Niobium 0.02 max Mechanical Properties of ASTM A350 LF2 Condition: Forgings of LF2 shall be furnished in the normalized, or in the normalized and tempered, or in the quenched and tempered condition. Property Values Ultimate Tensile Strength 485 – 655 N/mm2 0.2% Yield Strength 250 N/mm2 min Elongation 22% min Reduction of Area 30% min Charpy Impact Toughness 20 average / 16 min J at -46o C Hardness 197 HB General Scope A general carbon steel used in the manufacture of flanges and fittings.

ASME B16.11 Standard covers ratings, dimensions, tolerances, marking and material requirements for socket-welding and threaded forged fittings. These fittings are designated as Class 2000, 3000, and 6000 for threaded end fittings and Class 3000, 6000, and 9000 for socket-weld end fittings. Upon request from industry and government, ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922. Forged-Steel-High-Pressure-Fittings Forged Steel High-Pressure Fittings B16.11 is to be used in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the ASME B16 series of standards as well as with other ASME standards, such as the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the B31 Piping Codes. Careful application of these B16 standards will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for manufacturers, owners, employers, users and others concerned with the specification, buying, maintenance, training and safe use of wrought and forged fittings with pressure equipment, plus all potential governing entities. This Standard covers ratings, dimensions, tolerances, marking, and material requirements for forged fittings, both socket-welding and threaded, as illustrated in Tables 1 through 5 and Tables I-1 through I-5, inclusive. General scope 1.1.1 Fitting Types/Configuration. Types of fittings covered by this Standard are shown in Table 6, by class and size range. Fittings shown in Tables 1 through 5 and Tables I-1 through I-5 may also be made with combinations of socket-welding and threaded ends. 1.1.2 Special Fittings. Fittings with special dimensions, threads, or counterbores may be made by agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. When such fittings meet all other stipulations of this Standard, they shall be considered in compliance therewith, provided they are appropriately marked (see section 4). 1.1.3 Welding. Installation welding requirements are not within the scope of this Standard. Installation welding shall be in accordance with the applicable piping Code or regulation covering the piping system into which the fittings are installed.